The effect of both these movements upon the future members of the Nation of Islam was largely indirect. The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. Attendance at the house meetings grew until the listeners were divided into groups and taught in shifts. At this time, Ford was going under the name Fred Dodd, and operated a lunch wagon. Today, the Nation of Islam teaches that he boarded the Mother Plane and is still alive. What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. Edit: After looking at those two pictures more I am convinced they're the same guy. I think you're right - between Fard's own obfuscation of his past and the FBI's misinformation campaign, we might never know just who he really was. [67] The FBI charged that Takahashi had been an influential presence in the Nation of Islam. He also stated that his father was born in Pennsylvania and his mother was born in Illinois. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Fard preached that blacks (who were not to be called Negroes) must prepare for an inevitable race war and that Christianity was the religion of slaveowners. WebThe FBIs FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. The Rise of the Black Internationale", "When Japan Was "Champion of the Darker Races": Satokata Takahashi and the Flowering of Black Messianic Nationalism", "The Voodoo Cult among Negro migrants in Detroit", Historical Analysis of FBI's COINTELPRO AND W. Fard Muhammad, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wallace_Fard_Muhammad&oldid=1141937668, Members of the Moorish Science Temple of America, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2022, Articles with disputed statements from July 2019, Articles with trivia sections from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The name Fard is a common surname in Pakistan as are other names he bestowed upon his followers such as Shabazz, Ghulam, and Kallatt, Interviews with long-time Nation figures who met him or saw original photos of him such as, Early teachings from Fard indicated a distrust and disdain for Hinduism, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 17:20. After Wallace had renamed the group the World Community of Al-Islam (one of many name changes to follow), Farrakhan was able to reconstitute the NOI under his own auspices in 1979. var referer="";try{if(referer=document.referrer,"undefined"==typeof referer||""==referer)throw"undefined"}catch(exception){referer=document.location.href,(""==referer||"undefined"==typeof referer)&&(referer=document.URL)}referer=referer.substr(0,700); 2 as its headquarters. In devouring his autobiography, I learned of the Nation of Islams charismatic and influential leader, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, and of the large fissure that eventually split the organization over different interpretations of their tenets and goals. They must clean themselves up both their bodies and their houses. Some blame the police, the FBI, or rival leaders within the NOI. Muhammad, Akbar. Fard disappeared in 1934. Fard: Unveiling the Identity of the Founder of the Nation of Islam by Dr. John Andrew Morrow investigates theories of Fard's origin. WebWallace D. Fard aka Wallace Fard Muhammad / f . Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. r d / (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. ." Members of the Nation of Islam believe that he was a light-skinned black man or mulatto who knew both the white and the black world and who was born on February 26, 1877. -, Press J to jump to the feed. He was a few years away from retirement so he was quiet old. There is No God but ALLAH. Updates? Fard snuck back into Detroit in January 1933, but was identified by authorities, arrested in May and again ordered to leave the city. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, Beynon stated that Fard's position on human sacrifice "was never made clear. WebParking is abundant-plenty of room for an RV, toys, and multiple vehicles. His original name was Wallace D. Fard, but he was also known by other aliases, such as Farad Muhammad, F. Muhammad Ali, Wali Farrad, and Professor Fard. WebWallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad (/ f r d /; reportedly born February 26, c. 1877 disappeared c. 1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam. But over time his ideology began to shift. Excellent write-up! Others asserted that he had returned to Mecca to prepare for his eventual return. How did the founder of a group that recruited men like Malcolm X and Muhammed Ali slip under the radar so easily? His most trusted lieutenant and chief minister of Islam, Elijah Karriem Muhammad, the former Robert Elijah Poole of Sandersville, Georgia, eventually won control and reestablished the Nation of Islam in Chicago, with Temple No. Here in America they were living other than themselves. He earned his living at various times as a restaurateur, gambler, bootlegger and traveling salesman. On the 1920 U.S. Census, Ford gave his race as White, his birthplace as New Zealand, and his age as 26. Fards First Temple of Islam included the Fruit of Islam, a military-like organization of black male converts, a Muslim Girls Training Corps Class and a University of Islam which, despite its name, was mainly focused on elementary and high-school level education. 1768, as located in "California, County Marriages, 18501952", index and images, FamilySearch (, FBI File SAC (100-26356) at 451473, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director FBI (105-63642) at 248, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director, FBI (25-330971) at 258, SAC Chicago (100-35635), Muhammad, Elijah (1964), Historic 1964 Buzz Anderson Interview, The Final Call, Muhammad, Jabril (1993) This is The One The Most Honored Elijah Muhammad We Need Not Look For Another, Vol. Muhammad, Elijah. He taught a unique form of religion which was based on Islam to members of the city's African-American population. But I don't get that instant feeling of recognition and "wow, these guys are obviously the same person! In that year, he established in Detroit the Temple of Islm as well as the University of Islm, which was the temples school, and the Fruit of Islm, a corps of male guards. [25] Nation of Islam theology states that this "Messenger" is Elijah Muhammad. [39], On October 17, 1957, the FBI located and interviewed Hazel Barton-Ford, Wallie Ford's common-law wife, with whom he had a son named Wallace Dodd Ford, born on September 1, 1920. https://68.media.tumblr.com/8baacfedb2c5ff0be7055d0550917d7e/tumblr_ne5vz9XWui1t1ova9o10_500.jpg. "Black Muslims," a name coined by C. Eric Lincoln in 1960, refers to the members of one of the most militant and separati, Muhammad, Elijah 18971975 This fiction is obviously not the truth, so what is the real story of Wallace D. Fard? Modern Nation of Islam theology is based upon the belief that Fard's teaching of Elijah Muhammad was fulfillment of scripture regarding God's teaching of an Apostle, where Fard is described as "God in Person", the "Messiah", and the "Mahdi". Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. His main goal, he often stated, was to bring salvation to African-Americans, whom he often referred to as his lost uncle in the wilderness of North America.. Personally I don't know enough about the context to form an opinion on whether he was murdered, but it wouldn't shock me if he was. The marriage did not last even a year; Ford accused his wife of being an alcoholic and a bad spender. Leader of the Nation of Islam https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader, "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader Four years later, in 1963, they issued another story to a Los Angeles-based newspaper that claimed Ford and Fard were, in fact, the same person. Fard reportedly claimed to have been born in 1877. The photo of Fard looks highly retouched, or whatever people did to photo before Photoshop, so whether it's the same person as in the mugshot is really hard to tell. There were rumors about his whereabouts until the 1990s, when some believed he was still alive and living somewhere in California. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. Did Shakespeare actually author the work attributed to his name? Fard, they say, was born in 1877, which would make him 53 in 1930. A handwritten lesson written by Fard states: "Twelve Leaders of Islam from all over the Planet have conferred in the Root of Civilization concerning the Lost-Found Nation of Islam must return to their original Land. Farrakhan referred to the knowledge that Fard passed onto the NOI as actual facts. (The speech is at the Nations Web site at www.noi.org.). Wallace Fard Muhammad was the founder of the Nation of Islam. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. He had met Muhammad in prison where the two men plotted a confidence game in which followers were charged a fee to become Muslims. Thats not to say that anyone so amorphous is not capable of producing very absolute effects on history. The religion that God set forth for Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and muammad proclaimed by the latter in Arabia in the 7th century, which enjoys the, Pan-Islam Finally, the community contributed money and rented a hall to serve as a temple where meetings were conducted. Following his disappearance, Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as the chief of the Nation of Islam. Fard and his teachings are also referenced in many hip-hop songs. They must learn that they are the original people, noblest of the nations of the earth. A group calling themselves the Nation of Islam are preaching a radical black nationalist dogma that promotes pan-Africanism and outright racism. https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader, African American Religions: Muslim Movements, Muhammad, Elijah Karriem (18971975), Religious and Political Leader. [27] "Harris had no standing in the order and was not regarded as a leader. Artists who have made references within their music include Jay-Z ("I'm going to chase the Yacub back in the cave"[69]), Jay Electronica ("Lost tribe of Shabazz stylin' on the record", "The son of W.D., who hung around in the D, Who ran around in the three, The trap gods raised me, Face all on the Sphinx, Story all in the wall of the pyramids, Niggas know the Black God saved me"[69]), Brand Nubian ("This Asiatic black man is a dog spelled backwards, The maker, the owner, the cream of the planet earth, Father of civilization, God of the universe, Manifestin thought with my infinite styles, Making sure this travels twenty-three million miles, The other six I set the crucifix, Because the heart of the problem is this."[70]), and Ras Kass in the song "Riiiot" ("Now I got niggas claiming they saw God unfortunately, he wasn't in the person of Master Fard Muhammad").[71]. [36][bettersourceneeded], A declassified Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) memorandum dated May 16, 1957, states: "From a review of instant file it does not appear that there has been a concerted effort to locate and fully identify W. D. Fard. "[26] Wallace Fard Muhammad loved the black people of the United States of America. But both Zared and Beatrice were said to have been born in Hawaii. In his 1965 book Message to the Blackman in America, which is a compilation of articles written by Elijah Muhammad for newspapers throughout the early part of his Ministry, he summarized what Fard taught him as follows: "He began teaching us the knowledge of ourselves, of God and the devil, of the measurement of the earth, of other planets, and of the civilization of some of the planets other than earth. But his strict culinary concerns may have emerged from elsewhere: it is said he carried packets of sugar in his coat pocket and is said to have bled easily. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Otherwise he would chastise us with a severe chastisement until we did submit. Despite a lack of fame, Mr. Fards legacy lives on to this day whether most of us know it or not. "[25], Fard wrote several lessons which are read and committed to memory by members of the Nation of Islam. On a 1926 San Quentin State Prison file, a Wallie D. Ford of Los Angeles gave his birthplace as Oregon, and his age as 31. Two days later, Elijah Muhammads son, Wallace Muhammad, was named leader of the NOI, and quickly distanced himself from certain aspects of his fathers teachings most notably those denouncing whites as devils. She claimed Ford was a New Zealander who had lived in Portland prior to coming to LA, and that she had one son by him, Wallace Dodd Ford Jr., who had died during World War II. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and had an obscure background and used several aliases. Reported Aliases of the Messenger and of Wallace D. Ford, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/K8FM-5FP, "Master W. Fard Muhammad and FBI COINTELPRO", "4. Islam in the African AmericanExperience. How we had been made blind, deaf and dumb by this white race of people and how we must return to our people, our God and His religion of peace (Islam), the religion of the prophets. WebWallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad (/ f r d /; reportedly born February 26, c. 1877 disappeared c. 1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam. [citation needed], Efforts to trace the origins and life story of Fard have been extensive but have yielded only fragmentary results and not even his date of death is known; further complicating any efforts is the fact that only 5 pictures of Fard are known to exist, 4 being mugshots taken after various arrests and one being the official portrait by the Nation of Islam; most observers agreed they all belong to the same person which was confirmed via facial recognition analysis. He measured and weighed the earth and its water; the history of the moon; the history of the two nations, black and white, that dominate the earth. He agreed to leave Detroit forever in order to receive immunity, and boarded a train bound for Chicago on Dec. 7. "[45] After the story was published, Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X subsequently charged black media outlets, which reprinted the accusation in large numbers, with running the story without requesting a response from the Nation of Islam. From here on, his teachings became increasingly venomous. One faction, the Moors, remains faithful to Noble Drew Ali, and the other, which is now led by Elijah Muhammad, remains faithful to Prophet Fard (Master Wallace Fard Muhammad). I taught him some lessons. He declared that he would heal us and set us in heaven at once, if we would submit to Him. Since Mr. Fard has been deified, the Temple People raise to the rank of prophet the former Minister of Islam, Elijah Mohammed, now a resident of Chicago. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. It's the late 1950s and the civil rights movement is beginning to emerge. ", so I don't know. var rcds = document.getElementById("rcjsload_b42b6d"); Master Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. [8][29], Karl Evanzz of The Washington Post submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the FBI in 1978 requesting its file on Fard. A variety of other claims emerged; that he went to Hawaii, New Zealand, and even to the Middle East. Fard by A. K. Arian studies the origin of the Nation of Islam founder. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. He could've at least sent a letter! Fard, a man who the FBI alleged used 58 aliases during his lifetime, visited Detroit. [14] He influenced his successor Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X and many other Black Nationalist thinkers. [47] The paper published the story in an article titled "Black Muslim Founder Exposed As White. How that ALLAH would separate us from the Devils and, then destroy them; and Change us into a New and Perfect People; and Fill the Earth with FREEDOM, JUSTICE and EQUALITY as it was filled with wickedness; and Making we, the Poor Lost-Founds, the Perfect RULERS."[25]. But I am not the same person who taught Elijah Muhammad and I am not God. He said that he loved us (the so-called Negroes), his lost and found, so well that he would eat rattlesnakes to free us if necessary, for he has power over all things. On the other hand, in a speech made on April 1, 2001, titled The Greatness of Master Fard Muhammad, the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan reiterated Fards origins in the Holy City of Mecca, and referred to him as the Mahdi, a man absolutely guided by God in the Islam faith. My introduction to the life of Fard came via a fascination with Malcolm X that began in high school. He disappeared in 1934 after several arrests in Detroit and Elijah Muhammad took over as leader of the Nation of Islam. "Shinka" never actually existed, but there is a district called Shinkay in the Zabul Province of Afghanistan. ." The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. Who was Wallace Fard and what happened to him? The men of the organization were drilled by captains and referred to as the Fruit of Islam. [18] He began by selling silks door to door, telling his listeners that the silks came from their ancestral homeland. Others asserted that he had returned to Mecca to prepare for his eventual return. He provided no known place of birth for his parents nor his date of immigration. They say that he shall soon return in a spaceship and that then the existence of the wicked Yakubians and their rule will end, with a new utopia forged. And that He was able to force the whole world into submission to his will. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. His concepts attracted hundreds of followers to the Allah Temple of Islam (ATI), as he called his group. [66] He was linked to the Pacific Movement of the Eastern World and Japanese agitators such as Satokata Takahashi, and Ashima Takis. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. See alsoAfrican-American Religions; Black Muslims; Islam; Malcolm X; Muhammad, Elijah Karriem; Muhammad, Warith Deen; Nation of Islam; Qur'an. What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. Detroit sues celebrity pastor and his nuisance mega-church over unfinished Woodward project, Detroits Movement fest releases full lineup: Basement Jaxx, Skrillex, Cybotron, Zeds Dead, and more. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. But as a prerequisite for black liberation, he stressed the importance of attaining "knowledge of self." Fard had an East Indian appearance, and was a dapper dresser with perfect white teeth and dark eyes. Ford looks Middle Eastern in the mugshot. An interesting piece of information that emerged from Elijah Muhammad's son is that Fard was an excellent cook and dietitian. If he indeed became Fard that would tie in with his advocacy of Islam. If in this way they obeyed Allah, he would take them back to the Paradise from which they had been stolen the Holy City of Mecca. [30] Evanzz based his account of Fard's life on the declassified portion of the FBI file that he received about a decade after his request. This would suggest he was, in fact, diabetic. Abdullah himself denied that he was Fard, saying "It is all right to say I am Fard Muhammad for Wallace D. Muhammad. He declared that we were without the knowledge of self or anyone else. [25] One such lesson concludes with the text: "This Lesson No. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Jeffrey Eugenides novel Middlesex, which could justly be called a Detroit epic, includes a fascinating chapter in which the matriarch of the Stephanides family, Desdemona, takes a job as a silk worker at the Nation of Islams headquarters on Hastings Street. Alternate titles: F. Mohammed Ali, Wallace Fard Muhammad, Walli Farrad. Pan-Islam is the ideology that calls for the unity and cooperation of Muslims worldwide on the basis of their shared Islamic identity. Do you personally think Fard fled Detroit in the 1930s and lived on elsewhere, or do you think he was killed? Elijah Muhammad, who took the position of leader of the Nation of Islam after Fard's disappearance, railed agaist the media claims that Ford was Fard. I don't know what to think. Wallace Fard came to Detroit in the early 1930s and, in-between peddling silks and perfumes, preaches a unique brand of Islam to the local black population. Learn how your comment data is processed. WebThe FBIs FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. However, Minister Malcolm X and other leaders of the Nation of Islam have emphatically denied any past connection whatsoever of Elijah Muhammad, Master Wallace Fard Muhammad, or their movement with Nobel Drew Ali's Moorish American Science Temple."[57]. The whole thing smells like an intelligence agency operation to me. The FBI maintained an open file on Fard Muhammad up until as late as 1960, according to documents published through the Freedom of Information Act. By 1930 a permanent split developed in the movement. But none can be verified and he is almost certainly long dead now. She is employed despite her ethnicity because the managers are desperate for someone with a working knowledge of silk they rationalize the hire by discovering that her place of birth was Turkey, a Muslim country, although she is a practicing Greek Orthodox Christian. "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader He was drawn to return to the United States in order to liberate the African-Americans from their half-slave and half-free condition. No further birth, marriage, or death records appear to exist for individuals matching Dodd or Muhammad. Fards First Temple of Islam included the Fruit of Islam, a military-like organization of black male converts, a Muslim Girls Training Corps Class and a University of Islam which, despite its name, was mainly focused on elementary and high-school level education. Encyclopedia.com. Thus ended the FBI investigation into Fard's early life. This article is about the founder of the Nation of Islam. 1, List of people who have been considered deities, "Wallace D. Fard American religious leader", "Nation of Islam at a crossroad as leader exits", "Louis Farrakhan says billionaires 'paying off' black preachers, politicians", "Nation of Islam resonates in Detroit as it returns home for convention", "The Nation of Islam could be Chicago's savior", "Coverage Of "The Voodoo Murders" Mythic Detroit", Appendices: A. "In an attempt to determine the origins of W.D. In the 1920 United States Census, his race was reported as white, his occupation as a proprietor of a restaurant, and his place of birth as New Zealand. The local police traced the murderer's ideology back to Fard and arrested him. [20], Beynon described disputes and tension that arose between the new community and the police over the group's refusal to send their children to public schools. rcel.src = "//trends.revcontent.com/serve.js.php?w=76341&t="+rcel.id+"&c="+(new Date()).getTime()+"&width="+(window.outerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth)+"&referer="+encodeURIComponent(referer); He returned to Chicago, was arrested on charges of disturbing the peace through his preaching, and again returned to Detroit. After Desdemona is hired and settles into a familiar routine of caring for the delicate silkworms the Nation of Islam breeds to make cloth, she discovers that she can hear the speeches of Master W.D. [23] Following the rapid increase in membership, he instituted a formal organizational structure. A subreddit dedicated to the unresolved mysteries of the world. He is always referred to reverently as the 'Prophet Elijah in Chicago. So they sent a Messenger to them of their own. Master Fard's identity, origins, appearance, and disappearance remain mysterious and controversial. Ugh, I've been going back and forth for the past ten minutes trying to decide if I think the pictures in link 1 and link 2 are of the same person. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He told followers he was born in the holy city of Mecca, and his light-skinned appearance, courtesy of his Russian Jewish mother, was pre-ordained so that he could more easily mix with white people. A few of them had come under the influence of the Moorish-American cult which succeeded it. Sources: Immigration record of Khanialam Khan https://familysearch.org, FBI report on Wallace Fard Muhammad https://vault.fbi.gov, Mugshots of Wallace Fard Muhammad and Wallie Dodd Ford https://www.findagrave.com, Marriage record of Fred Dodd and Pearl Allen https://www.ancestry.com, Prison file of Wallie Dodd Ford https://www.ancestry.com, Draft registration card of Wallie Dodd Ford https://familysearch.org, Wallie D. Ford on the 1920 U.S. Census https://familysearch.org, Birth record of Fords son, Wallace Max Ford https://familysearch.org, Marriage record of Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino https://familysearch.org, William D. Fard on the 1930 U.S. Census https://familysearch.org, Nation of Islam article refuting claims of Dodd and Muhammad being the same person https://www.noi.org. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. J. Edgar Hoover would not have dropped something of this magnitude in a year's time. On the draft card, "Ford" is written in parentheses in a different hand. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. rcel.async = true; 22 Feb. 2023
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