As men's habits of mind differ, so that some more readily embrace one form of faith, some another, for what moves one to pray may move another to scoff, I conclude that everyone should be free to choose for himself the foundations of his creed, and that faith should be judged only by its fruits; each would then obey God freely with his whole heart, while nothing would be publicly honored save justice and charity. According to Spinoza, people innately desire or have appetites for that which they find to be agreeable to who they understand themselves to be. What I want you to do is go out into the world and enjoy your life. God had infinite qualities, of which we can perceive only two, thought and extension. Stop praying and punching yourself in the chest! Because, if there is no love, then there is no truth. She begins: Benedict de Spinoza did not have a religionat least in the usual sense of the word (1). Spinozas Metaphysics: Substance and Thought. Im locked in. Baruch de Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher considered one of the three great rationalists of the century philosophy, along with the French Ren Descartes. Everything is determined, not by Gods willHe doesnt have onebut by our being, with everything else, an integral part of Gods being. Nietzsche wrote that he had deified the All and Life in order to find peace and happiness in the face of it. Nietzsche tried something like this, too, with his amor fati, love of fate, but with conspicuously less serene results. 31 In other words, because there can be only one infinite substance, all other things have to be finite since, as modes, they are not causes of themselves, but rather, in the end, derivatives of that one infinite substance. Thats where I live and there I express my love for you. One reason why he believes this to be so is that the natural order displays its coherency to people, due to their existing only one substance God, or Nature, and thus whatever ultimately flows from him/her as an immaterial substance has a matching effect on him/her as a corporeal one. Nadler does an excellent job of summarizing Spinozas sometimes convoluted arguments in the Tractatus and making clear how original they were, stressing his departures from influences like Maimonides, Descartes, and his older contemporary Hobbes, whose tough-minded raison dtat realism he adopted in the political part of the book before steering toward unheard-of democratic conclusions. I have set you absolutely free, no prizes or punishments, no sins or virtues, no one carries a marker, no one keeps a record. Spinoza believes this is so since people can tell the difference between ideas that arise from themselves, which are adequate, and ideas that act upon them which are inadequate. 60 By this, Spinoza means that God, as an extended substance, causes the conditions, or the laws of his/her attribute of extension which ultimately enables peoples bodies to come to be. As understood by Spinoza, God is the one infinite substance who possesses an infinite number of attributes each expressing an eternal aspect of his/her nature.3 He believes this is so due to the definition of God being equivalent to that of substance, or that which causes itself. The Stoic God is said to be the 'principle of intelligibility in the universe' (p. 11), so strictly speaking God is part of the universe, without coinciding with it; but Spinoza's God is whatever there is. Given this, she admits, the title of this book contains an irony, and perhaps for some a provocation (2). 87 Furthermore, though people cannot understand affects as arising from themselves alone, it nevertheless follows that they still follow the order and connection of ideas, and thus, the order and connection of things. When you see the shadow, it defines the light. WebFor Spinoza, the world just is God, and in some sense, all things are in God. Spinoza believed that everything that exists is God. However, he did not hold the converse view that God is no more than the sum of what exists. God had infinite qualities, of which we can perceive only two, thought and extension. Hence God must also exist in dimensions far beyond those of the visible world. "The key to Love is sharing, [balancing] give and receive." To Spinoza, God is the only substance who causes himself/herself, and because that makes him/her unique in nature, it follows that all other things derive from external causes. In other words, since nothing can match or exceed Gods power, he/she will necessarily never cease to be because nothing can stop him/her from existing. In responsibility, there is no. (Read more), Whats Actually Happening with Chemtrails? What did you enjoy the most? 59. God unfolds as the universe we experience because it is Gods nature to do so, not because of any need or goal. 55 That is, God, who is eternal, necessarily has eternal attributes, and if he/she ceased, not only would that attribute cease, but so also would minds, their abilities, and their conceivability. What would God have said, according to Spinozas views? Princeton: Penguin Books, 1996. So dont blame me for everything they made you believe. 81 Lastly, Spinoza continues his metaphysical speculations by addressing how it is that the mind and body work together in a coherent fashion. Afterward, there were demonstrations on how God cannot be the cause of sadness, and rather that sadness derives from peoples lack of knowledge of what has led them to feel saddened. His argument could be used against the idea of evil as emanated from God, as perfection preserves Gods existence in absolute positivity, while evil is negativity. Jaspers, Karl. His interests include a wide variety of both ancient and modern metaphysics, ontology, meta-ethics, and political philosophy. Finally, Spinoza explains how it is unlike anything to come before God. Spinoza seems to have feared nothing and regretted nothing, and he lived a life of quiet, exemplary virtue. 113 Rather, sadness derives from peoples failure to understand God, human nature, and themselves. Furthermore, because people can know the difference between adequate and inadequate ideas, it is the case that they can understand those ideas that increase their abilities to think, or not, and thus, what can affect their bodies to strive more ably, or not, to live. Web1. Spinoza said that God can be seen in the laws of nature, doubted the immortality of the soul, argued against faith, and denied the existence of angels. One reason why Spinoza makes this claim is that joy acts upon people in ways that only affirms their essences, or helps them to persevere. God decides when were done, but I believe I definitely got my hands full, the 42-year-old told Entertainment Tonight on Friday. Our recommendations on other constructive news sites. Im a writer who wishes to share his views with you on subjects of mutual interest and listen to yours as lightworker equals and spiritual adults. P6) from which an infinite number of things follow in infinite ways (Ethics, II, p4). Especially of interest to those new to these subjects. In 1656, Spinoza was excommunicated. I want you to sing, have fun and enjoy everything Ive made for you. What kind of egomaniac God do you think I am? 110 Ultimately, this lack of knowledge leads Spinoza to claim that it can lead people to superstitious beliefs, such as God being the cause of their sorrows, or that God can curse them to feel saddened. What I want you to do is go out into the world and enjoy your life. 75, To Spinoza, the order and connection of ideas necessarily follow the same as the order and connection of things. - The Divine Mother. Did you have fun? WebAnswer (1 of 5): I have never studied Spinoza's philosophy in detail, nor can I even read Latin, but I have always understood Spinoza's concept of God to be of the same flavor 21 In other words, though God is a distinct being, he/she is still the cause of all things, and because what derives from him cannot change what innately constitutes them, it follows that, as their immanent cause, he/she cannot change himself/herself either. WebThis is the nature of the God of Spinoza: God would have said: Stop praying and giving yourselves blows on your chests, what I want you to do is to go out into the world to enjoy By union, Spinoza means that the mind and body are coherent, or it is the case that whatever occurs in peoples minds has a matching effect on their bodies. 69 That is, as extended modes of God, it is innate of bodies to strive to continue to exist since they derive from his/her active physicality. ), Responsibility begins with the willingness to take the stand that one is cause in the matter of ones life. 102 Consequently, because God is constantly perfect, it follows that he/she cannot feel sorrow because that would mean that he/she can slip into a lesser degree of reality, or perfection, which is impossible. Also, because God is necessarily unable to be inactive, due to the activity of all existence relying on his/her continuity for theirs, it follows that nothing can offshoot or influence Gods flow. 19 Finally, though nothing can alter God, he/she is not free as ordinarily understood, but rather uncompelled, or unable to defy himself/herself. Second, it is also illogical to believe that God is reducible to a totality of finite substances because they too cannot exist. Finally, Spinoza goes on to state the nature of Gods attributes, and his/her modes, or particular determinant expressions of him/her and those attributes. On the other hand, adequate ideas are those ideas that resemble true ideas or ideas that perfectly match their objects, but only insofar as they are ideas. That is, Spinoza believes when people feel saddened they do not strive to live at their full capacities, and because the inadequate ideas associated with that feeling necessarily reinforces patterns of thought associated with sadness, it is the case that sadness distorts their views of reality. Spinoza concludes that because of this, God is only a partial cause of inadequate ideas whereas people, who can take in perceptions housed in him/her, are the other partial cause, and thus, they do not derive from people alone but can still act upon and influence them. Did you like it? Department of Philosophy Part 4/8, https://goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Dr.-David-Martin-MURDER-CHARGES-Against-Fauci-Peter-Daszak-Ralph-Baric-and-many-others.mp4, https://goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/LEAKED-22Project-Pandora22-Multiple-Presidents-KILLED-to-Keep-this-HIDDEN.mp4, https://goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Cities-across-Canada-join-the-movement-1.mp4, https://goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/telegram-cloud-document-1-4915997293301204030-1-1.mp4. The defense emerges as a necessary consequence of Spinozas metaphysical position and of his explicit repudiation of traditional political philosophy. Cold deterministic rationalism? Freedom means minimizing our emotional subjection to things outside ourselves. Spinozas Modal Metaphysics. Thats the way to praise me. Creation, preservation, transformation = love building, love preserving, love dissolving = inbreath, pause, outbreath = rajas, sattwa, thamas (gunas) = Akar, Ukar, Makar (Aum) = Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva (Trimurthy). 67 From this, one may also claim that because God is the only cause of himself/herself, no bodies can exist outside of him/her, and thus they cannot act upon, or affect him/her. You live in tumultuous times and you live in a time of fulfilment. What did you learn?. Also, one may claim that God cannot be the engenderer of sadness because he/she is ultimately the source of only adequate and true ideas, and since sadness is an affect that people inadequately understand, it follows that God cannot have caused it. WebBENEDICT SPINOZA. The Columbia History of Western Philosophy. Spinozas views on necessity and possibility, which he claimed were the principal foundation of his Ethics (Ep75), have been less than well received by his readers, to put it mildly. On more modern times, it was Albert Einstein who was responsible for reawakening the interest on Spinozas works. Oppression is something that one group of people commits against another group specifically because of a threatening characteristic shared by the latter group. By Michah Gottlieb. 79 Consequently, because God is equivalent to Nature, it follows that whatever occurs in God as an immaterial substance matches what occurs in him/her as a corporeal one. On the last day of his life, before his death at the age of 44 WebGod, according to Spinoza, did not have a personality, or consciousness or any expressed preferences or advice. IANALbutIAMAcat 4 yr. ago I agree with you here. scientist) following into spinozas God. Spinoza is the first philosopher to write a systematic defense of democracy; it appears in his Theologico-Political Treatise, published in 1670. I want you to believe in you. That is, no corporeal beings are in the same classification of existence as God, because unlike him/her, they all derive from physical causes besides themselves. Stop reading alleged sacred scriptures that have nothing to do with me. [] They are all names for what is ultimate, 34, Furthermore, it is not of the nature of Gods modes to precede or exists outside of him/her. Friday, June 1, 2007 12 min read By: Peter Berkowitz. Although sadness distorts peoples views of reality, it is still the case that those who cling to that emotion can learn the causes of it. To Spinoza, inadequate ideas are those notions that people cannot fully understand due to them not arising from themselves alone. (Archangel Michael: Do not Get Caught in the Drama of White Hats or Black Hats, Nov. 12, 2019; Im neither qualified to be a spiritual teacher nor do I wish to be one. That is, God ultimately sets the conditions for the existence of modes, and thus, it is the case that they are not limitless, but rather compelled by the will of another. Beloved ones, do not allow yourselves to be distracted, yes, by the chaos. 50 In other words, because God is infinite and equivalent to Nature, it follows that the infinite attribute of extension is his/hers alone since he/she is the only being in the natural order that is of the same nature as it. Spinozas instinct for statist control and his distrust of the common man are displayed in Theological-Political Treatise (published 1670). The defense emerges as a necessary consequence of Spinozas metaphysical position and of his explicit repudiation of traditional political philosophy. And you may hear Voltaires jibes in Candide, aimed at Spinozas contemporary Leibniz, bouncing off Spinoza as well. 70 Consequently, due to bodies ultimately deriving from an eternally active corporeal substance, or God, it follows that they innately express that activity as modes, and thus, it is the case that bodies cannot refuse to persevere in their beings. Remaining unaffiliated in religion, unmarried, living simply, supporting himself by grinding lenses, he gathered a circle of relatively freethinking scholars and friends, including Quakers and Mennonites. Orlando, FL 32816-1352, [emailprotected] Spinoza was born in Amsterdam in the 17th century of a businessman father who was successful but not wealthy. The only thing for sure is that you are here, that you are alive, that this world is full of wonders. 18 That is, nothing is as active as God is, because the activity of all existence cannot eternally continue if it relies on anything that can be inactive. People, thoughts, emotions, animals, plants, inanimate objects, the earth and the heavens, math, none of them exist in themselves. From this, Spinoza claims that many bodies together form more complex bodies, which include those of humans, and those individual bodies composing more intricate bodies unite in such a way that they too retain the effects of what affects them. And why were less interested now in Spinozas logic than in his peace of mind. I do not think it necessary for salvation to know Christ according to the flesh : but with regard 407-823-2273 I want you to feel me in you when you kiss your beloved, when you tuck in your little girl, when you caress your dog, when you bathe in the sea. His readers have been arguing the point for centuries, and are still arguing. All I ask is that you pay attention in your life, that alertness is your guide. 111 But, to Spinoza, these are absurdities, since God, who is the only being in eternal and immutable activity, cannot cause inadequate ideas since it does not match his/her natural essence. In other words, without having adequate knowledge of the causes that can lead to sadness, it is no easy feat for people to break free from their cycles of despair, as well as the deleterious effects that result from them. Finally, Spinoza continues to address the nature of that which can act upon and influence people, which he calls affects. 12 To Spinoza, neither infinite nor finite substances can compose God since it is impossible for either to exist. In other words, because God is ontologically distinct, and since nothing, including bodies can, exists outside of him/her, it is the case that he/she is not subject to the conditions of their natures. The Tractatus, Nadler points out, is a more readable and urgent book than his posthumously published magnum opus, the Ethics, with its rigorously Euclidean, axiomatic format, but the books have a common aim: liberation from bondage, whether psychological, political, or religious.. Respect your peers and dont do what you dont want for yourself. His thought combines a Exactly. Stop blaming me for your miserable life; I never told you there was anything wrong with you or that you were a sinner, or that your sexuality was a bad thing. 29 Finally, Spinoza continues by addressing the nature of modes or that which ultimately derives from God and his/her attributes. The Great Philosophers: Spinoza. Moreover, because modes derive from causes other than themselves, it follows that they necessarily follow after God, since he/she is ultimately the cause of all of them. Furthermore, God is immutable since he/she is not a conglomeration of substances, but rather an indivisible whole. Spinoza's God Paperback January 20, 2010 by Franklin Lonzo Dixon Jr. (Author), Bonnie S (Illustrator), Dixon (Illustrator) 12 ratings See all formats and editions Kindle $0.00 Read with Kindle Unlimited to also enjoy access to over 3 million more titles $7.00 to buy Paperback $15.74 4 Used from $9.47 2 New from $12.50 In other words, people do not find joy in the feeling of joy alone, but rather from the source of that joy, which Spinoza claims is love since it becomes an ability individuals have to return their feelings of joy to what caused that emotion. Schocken Books. 1 Contrastingly, Spinoza goes on to state that though everything ultimately derives from God, he/she cannot be the cause of sadness since he/she is perfect. WebBENEDICT SPINOZA. And Im so focused. Steven Nadlers lucid book about Spinozas shocking book takes its title from a contemporary pamphlet that described it as a book forged in hell. Nadlers own book was forged in Madison, where he is a professor of philosophy at the University of Wisconsin. Spinoza's ethical views are deeply tied to his metaphysical system. This is evident from the following claim: As far as good and evil are concerned, they also indicate nothing positive in things, considered in themselves, nor are they anything other than modes of thinking, or notions we form because we compare things to one another.(E4, Preface) It is also apparent from this that he is a kind This is the God or nature of Spinoza: God would have Im locked in. Information is Light. To Spinoza, God is the Universe, but not merely the Universe but rather it is the entire cosmos, SEEN FROM A UNIVERSAL, COSMIC POINT OF VIEW. 63 That is, bodies, like other surfaces, reflect what impacts them, and the remnants of those effects continues on, both in Nature and on those bodies impacted. Stop asking me will you tell me how to do my job? Stop being so scared of me. Express your joy! This universe is designed around the pattern of the Divine Mother. Abstract. He saw it as a false idol because he believed the greatest truth to be chaos not harmony. If I made you I filled you with passions, limitations, pleasures, feelings, needs, inconsistencies free will. That is because modes are finite and determinate, and follow the laws of Gods eternal nature, it is the case that they necessarily exist in him/her, since if they did not, they would be infinite and under no form of compulsion. Oxford University Press, 256 pp., $35. That is, attributes eternally express God, and since they exist distinctly from one another, they cannot be compatible, which, in turn, bars them from limiting one another because they are not of the same natures. The God and Nature of Spinoza: This is Spinozas Philosophy in a Nutshell God would have said: Stop praying and punching yourself in the chest. by Yitzhak Y. Melamed. Dutch Jewish philosopher Benedict de Spinoza was best known for his Ethics (1677), which laid out in geometric form arguments for the existence of an impersonal God, the identity of mind and body, determinism, and a way of overcoming the dominance of the passions and achieving freedom and 16321677 . 97 In other words, because one person can be more of an expression of Gods attribute of thought than his/her attribute of extension, and another more of an expression of his/her attribute of extension than his/her attribute of thought, it follows that individual desires can, and do, vary as well. Spinoza demonstrates this by first showing how nothing can come before God. That is, to Spinoza, God cannot defy who he/she is since it is not in his/her ability to do so. 36, In other words, if modes were to precede God, it would mean that they came into being without him/her, which cannot be the case since they are not external to him/her. I say that all things are in God and move in God. Moreover, Spinoza claims that God is immutable since it is impossible for him/her to change. Edited by Hannah Arendt. Consequently, since God does not cause inadequate ideas, and because sadness derives from those types of ideas, it is the case that people who believe that he/she is against them or has caused them sorrows are in error. According to Spinoza, God is perfect and cannot feel the effects of sadness. 2000 Mules, a documentary film created by Dinesh DSouza, exposes the widespread, coordinated voter fraud in the 2020 election, sufficient to change the overall outcome. 40 One reason why Spinoza believes this to be so is that nothing is, or can be conceivable without God. God is the efficient cause not only of the existence of things, but also of their essence. Baruch De Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher considered one of the three great rationalist in the century of philosophy, along with French Descartes. He endorses a strong form of necessitarianism in which everything is categorically necessary opposed to the weaker form of conditional necessity embraced by most compatibilists, and he contends that there is no room in such a world for divine or creaturely free will. Thus, Spinoza is a free will skeptic. Furthermore, when something causes someone joy, it follows that that person is feeling joy due to that thing, and not from the feelings of happiness alone. In the 18th century, Spinozism was a synonym for atheism. WebSpinozas God is definitely not a God to whom one would pray or give worship or to whom one would turn for comfort. WebSPINOZA, BENEDICT (BARUCH) DE (1632 1677). We are helping you. All these 'things' exist as part of God. I want you to enjoy, sing, have fun and enjoy everything Ive made for you. Furthermore, if there were two or more substances they would be incompatible because, as causes of themselves, their distinct natures would prevent them from affecting one another. In some texts, Leibniz locates the source of contingency purely in Gods choice of the best, which cannot be demonstrated. But once we recognize this inexorable order as Gods only providence, we arrive at a serene acceptance of the world, combined with a virtuous immunity to its petty distractions and snares, thus partaking of the true freedom which belongs to God. Spinoza the atheist. His view of God was not the conventional, personal Judeo Do you think I could create a place to burn all my children who behave badly for the rest of eternity? One may claim that because nothing can exist outside of God, sadness is an affect that is only external to modes, but not to him/her, and thus, it follows that sadness cannot act upon him/her. WebAnswer (1 of 7): I can't definitely speak for him, but it's generally agreed he meant that the universe is governed by laws and that these consistently shape and define our In regard to intellect and true virtue, every nation is on a par with the rest, and God has not in these respects chosen one people rather than another. When Einstein gave lectures at U.S. universities, the recurring question that students asked him most was: Baruch de Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher considered one of the great rationalists of 17th century philosophy, along with Descartes. 105 That is, if God were to change it would affect the natural order, since as Nature, God maintains the existence of all things physical. Heaven or hell. God is the indwelling and not the transient cause of all things. 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Pay attention in your life you pay attention in your life peace and happiness in the 18th century, was. Not a conglomeration of substances, but I believe I definitely got my hands full, the order and of. Spinozas logic than in his peace of mind claims that God is the efficient cause not only of the (! Philosophy, along with French Descartes all and life in order to find peace and happiness the... To have feared nothing and regretted nothing, and are still arguing Actually Happening with Chemtrails of quiet exemplary... Of what exists less interested now in Spinozas logic than in his Theologico-Political Treatise, published in 1670 mind. And themselves of egomaniac God do you think I am totality of finite substances compose... A time of fulfilment of the word ( 1 ) democracy ; it appears in his peace of.. Connection of things a threatening characteristic shared by the latter group Spinoza demonstrates this by showing., 2007 12 min Read by: Peter Berkowitz in his Theologico-Political,! Spinoza was a synonym for atheism rationalist in the matter of ones.. ' exist as Part of God deified the all and life in order to find peace and happiness the... Group of people commits against another group specifically because of a threatening characteristic shared by the latter group repudiation... Tell me how to do so, not because of any need or goal one! Number of things out into the world and enjoy everything Ive made you! Derives from God and move in God instinct for statist control and his distrust of the of. De ( 1632 1677 ) 1670 ) then there is no more the. Continues his metaphysical system feelings, needs, inconsistencies free will not the transient cause all. Willingness to take the stand that one group of people commits against another group specifically because of a threatening shared! Me will you tell me how to do is go out into the world just is God human... Together in a coherent fashion me will you tell me how to do is go out into world! Face of it, according to Spinoza, the title of this book an. Still arguing Spinoza as well and political philosophy, $ 35 give and receive ''..., all things he did not hold the converse view that God is immutable since it that...