In November 1497, a fleet of Portuguese ships under the command of the Portuguese mariner Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope. Further friction was caused by the refusal of Sekhukhune to allow prospectors to search for gold in territory he considered to be sovereign and independent under his authority. Eventually, van Riebeeck and the VOC began to make indentured servants out of the Khoikhoi and the San. It was brought to South Africa in 1678 by Frederich Botha. The president is elected by the National Assembly and serves a term that expires at the next general election. The Cape nonetheless remained nominally part of the British Empire, even though it was self-governing in practice. Prinsloo is an Afrikaans surname. Its underground cells conducted armed robberies to raise funds and obtain weapons and vehicles. Between 1847 and 1854, Harry Smith, governor and high commissioner of the Cape Colony, annexed territories far to the north of original British and Dutch settlement. Infographic: Top African Surnames Rich In History And Culture Most Popular African Last Names Or Surnames 1. Remains of hanged prisoners to be exhumed. Da Gama gave the name Natal to the coast he was passing, which in Portuguese means Christmas. Fourie, J. There is also a Jat tribe with the same name. The commission charged by agents was the same as the payment for one slave, thus those settlers only claiming for one slave would receive nothing. Many African last names reference wealth and the aristocracy. More than a decade later 36,000 Cuban troops were deployed throughout the country helping providing support for MPLA's fight with UNITA. It comes from a Punjabi word 'gil, which means 'prosperity'. Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). [150][151] In the early to mid-1990s, the AWB attempted unsuccessfully through various acts of public violence and intimidation to derail the country's transition to democracy. The British, who at that time controlled the area between the Orange and Vaal Rivers called the Orange River Sovereignty, decided a discernible boundary was necessary and proclaimed a line named the Warden Line, dividing the area between British and Basotho territories. The Ibibio name Akpan means firstborn son. [99] The widening search for gold and other resources were financed by the wealth produced and the practical experience gained at Kimberley. At the outbreak of World War I, South Africa joined Great Britain and the Allies against the German Empire. Mafanela South African. [27], The VOC had settled at the Cape in order to supply their trading ships. According to Solomon Johannes Terreblanche, a South African academic economist, the government's concessions to big business represented "treacherous decisions that [will] haunt South Africa for generations to come". [181][182][183], Between 1975 and 1988, the SADF continued to stage massive conventional raids into Angola and Zambia to eliminate PLAN's forward operating bases across the border from Namibia as well as provide support for UNITA. The armed incursion became known as the Jameson Raid. The death penalty was abolished, land reform and redistribution policies were introduced, and equitable labour laws legislated. For more parenting tips and tricks, find us on Pinterest: Are you a writer, expert, or influencer? Around 1800, they started crossing the northern frontier formed by the Orange River, arriving ultimately in an uninhabited area, which they named Griqualand. The name is pronounced Col-u-WHA. Crocodile Bakoena Bahurutshe Setswana Botswana, South Africa . In early South Africa, European notions of national boundaries and land ownership had no counterparts in African political culture. Eventually, in the 1830s, large numbers of Boers migrated in what came to be known as the Great Trek. [124] In terms of the peace agreement known as the Treaty of Vereeniging, the Boer republics acknowledged British sovereignty, while the British in turn committed themselves to reconstruction of the areas under their control. Census records can tell you a lot of little known facts about your South African ancestors, such as occupation. The settlement of southern Africa by the Khoisan corresponds to the earliest separation of the extant Homo sapiens populations altogether, associated in genetic science with what is described in scientific terms as matrilinear haplogroup L0 (mtDNA) and patrilinear haplogroup A (Y-DNA), originating in a northwestern area of southern Africa. During the administration of President Jacob Zuma corruption in South Africa had also become a growing problem. Ndlovu: Means elephant. This did not prevent the outbreak of a Second AngloBoer war. [179] The Cuban intervention was decisive in helping reverse SADF and UNITA advances and cement MPLA rule in Angola. The cash-strapped post-apartheid government was obliged to repay this debt or else face a credit downgrading by foreign financial institutions. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. The Jewish population of South Africa in 1880 numbered approximately 4,000; by 1914 it had grown to more than 40,000, mostly migrants from Lithuania. Renewed tensions between Britain and the Boers peaked in 1899 when the British demanded voting rights for the 60,000 foreign whites on the Witwatersrand. By the time it was finally quelled, hundreds of protesters had been shot dead with many more wounded or arrested by police. Pages in category "Afrikaans-language surnames" The following 148 pages are in this category, out of 148 total. It was inhabited by Australopithecines since at least 2.5 million years ago. [52], The South African Republic (Dutch: Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek or ZAR, not to be confused with the much later Republic of South Africa), is often referred to as The Transvaal and sometimes as the Republic of Transvaal. [180] The civil war in Angola resulted in 550,0001,250,000 deaths in total mostly from famine. From the 1830s onwards, numbers of white settlers from the Cape Colony crossed the Orange River and started arriving in the fertile southern part of territory known as the Lower Caledon Valley, which was occupied by Basotho cattle herders under the authority of the Basotho founding monarch Moshoeshoe I. Kholwa Female | Kholwa is a name used in both the Zulu and Ndebele cultures and means "believe". Until that point, President Paul Kruger's government had excluded all foreigners from the franchise. The incident was widely criticised by the public, civil society organisations and religious leaders. [77][78] To European settlers in Southern Africa, the same form of tribute was believed to constitute purchase and permanent ownership of the land under independent authority. This facilitated purchases of munitions and food in the United States and neutral countries. [163], In the mid-1980s, police and army death squads conducted state-sponsored assassinations of dissidents and activists. These are collectively known as the Khoisan, a modern European portmanteau of these two tribes' names. Nala Origin: Somali, African Meaning: Us Alternative Spellings & Variations: Naala, Nale, Nahla, Nalla Over 7,000 South Africans were killed, and nearly 12,000 were wounded during the course of the war. Cattle rustling ensued and a party of Boers under the leadership of Piet Retief were killed. However, an ill-informed British attempt to force the states of southern Africa into a British federation led to inter-ethnic tensions and the First Boer War. 'The quantitative Cape: A review of the new historiography of the Dutch Cape Colony', South African Historical Journal 66.1, 2014, pp. [70], In 1825, a faction of the Griqua people was induced by Dr John Philip, superintendent of the London Missionary Society in Southern Africa, to relocate to a place called Philippolis, a mission station for the San, several hundred miles southeast of Griqualand. A list of references about Personal Names or Surnames at the Local History and Genealogy Reading Room at the Library of Congress. [11][12][13], The San and Khoikhoi are essentially distinguished only by their respective occupations. The establishment of the staging post by the Dutch East India Company at the Cape in 1652 soon brought the Khoikhoi into conflict with Dutch settlers over land ownership. Independent sovereignty of the republic was formally recognised by Great Britain with the signing of the Sand River Convention on 17 January 1852. Boer Voortrekkers in 1838 established the Republic of Natalia in the surrounding region, with its capital at Pietermaritzburg. It translates as "of the roof". [133] The Mendi disaster was one of South Africa's worst tragedies of the Great War, second perhaps only to the Battle of Delville Wood. [40], Various theories have been advanced for the causes of the difaqane, ranging from ecological factors to competition in the ivory trade. In 1688, the Dutch and the Germans were joined by French Huguenots, Calvinist Protestants fleeing religious persecution in France under its Catholic ruler, King Louis XIV. Ismail bowled a delivery at a speed of 80 miles per hour i.e. [22] Bantu-speaking communities reached southern Africa from the Congo basin as early as the 4th century BC. Naidoo: A popular Indian surname in South Africa. [131], Public opinion in South Africa split along racial and ethnic lines. He appealed to the British for help against Ndlambe, who retaliated in 1819 during the Fifth Frontier War by attacking the British colonial town of Grahamstown. This Second AngloBoer War, also known as the South African War lasted longer than the first, with British troops being supplemented by colonial troops from Southern Rhodesia, Canada, India, Australia and New Zealand. Hetherington, Penelope. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. Afrikaners were split, with some like Botha and Smuts taking a prominent leadership role in the British war effort. A succession of wars were conducted between the Boers and the Basotho for the next 10 years. Find your family's origin in the United States, average life expectancy, most common occupation, and more. In 2007, less than half the protests were associated with some form of violence, compared with 2014, when almost 80% of protests involved violence on the part of the participants or the authorities. 77. [20] By the time of their defeat and expulsion from the Cape Peninsula and surrounding districts, the Khoikhoi population was decimated by a smallpox epidemic introduced by Dutch sailors against which the Khoikhoi had no natural resistance or indigenous medicines.[21]. 5. The territory of the South African Republic became known after this war as the Transvaal Colony.[54]. A Adriaanse Alberts (name) B Badenhorst Bakkes Bekker Blaauw Blignault Blignaut Booi Booysen Boshoff Bosman Botha Breytenbach Burger (surname) Buys C Cilliers Cloete (surname) Coetzee Cronje [219] By 2019 the number of skilled black South Africans emigrating out of the country had surpassed the number of white emigres. The official statistics of blacks killed in action are inaccurate. 35. Owners who had purchased slaves on credit or put them up as surety against loans faced financial ruin. 1709 by Zulu kaNtombela. The conventional view is that availability of livestock was one reason why, in the mid-17th century, the Dutch East India Company established a staging post where the port city of Cape Town is today situated. Ransford, Oliver. Your use of the site indicates your agreement to be bound by our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. The attack failed, with British forces then retreating back to Durban, which the Boers besieged. Kaya (Southern African origin), meaning "restful place," and is a Zulu name pronounced KAH-yah. Chidubem - This name is Igbo for "God is my guide." Igwe - Many Igbo people in South Africa have this last name. This was the 499th most popular girl name in the U.K. in 2005, with 70 newborns being named Aamina. After lengthy negotiations under the auspices of the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), a draft constitution was published on 26 July 1993, containing concessions towards all sides: a federal system of regional legislatures, equal voting-rights regardless of race, and a bicameral legislature. Like a window into their day-to-day life, South African census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more. Historically, surnames evolved as a way to sort people into groups - by occupation, place of origin, clan affiliation, patronage, parentage, adoption, and even physical characteristics (like red hair). [73], The original Griqualand, north of the Orange River, was annexed by Britain's Cape Colony and renamed Griqualand West after the discovery in 1871 of the world's richest deposit of diamonds at Kimberley, so named after the British Colonial Secretary, Earl Kimberley. After an unsuccessful appeal for aid from the British Empire, Moshoeshoe signed the 1866 treaty of Thaba Bosiu, with the Basotho ceding substantial territory to the Orange Free State. However, there was competition for land, and this tension led to skirmishes in the form of cattle raids from 1779. Germany was the primary supplier of weapons to the Boers during the subsequent AngloBoer war. While some maintained separateness, others were grouped into a category known as Coloureds, a multiracial ethnic group which includes people with shared ancestry from two or more of these groups: Khoisan, Bantu, English, Afrikaners, Austronesians, East Asians and South Asians. This has been interpreted as the earliest example ever discovered of abstract art or symbolic art created by Homo sapiens. Waterboer, fearing conflict with the Boer republic of Orange Free State, subsequently asked for and received British protection. Kaya Female | Kaya means "restful place" and is a popular Zulu name. The African National Congress won, well ahead of the governing National Party and the Inkatha Freedom Party. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in the late-1980s meant the African National Congress (ANC) in alliance with the South African Communist Party, could no longer depend on the Soviet Union for weaponry and political support. Following the Invasion of the Cape Colony by the British in 1795 and 1806, mass migrations collectively known as the Great Trek occurred during which the Voortrekkers established several Boer settlements on the interior of South Africa. [192][193], South Africa in the 1980s also provided logistical and other covert support to Resistncia Nacional Moambicana (RENAMO) rebels, in neighbouring Mozambique fighting the FRELIMO-run government during the Mozambique Civil War, and it launched cross-border raids into Lesotho, Swaziland and Botswana, killing or capturing a number of South African exiles. By 1952, the brief flame of mass-based white radicalism was extinguished, when the Torch Commando disbanded due to government legislation under the Suppression of Communism Act, 1950. The British elements strongly supported the war, and formed by far the largest military component. Cecil Rhodes and Charles Rudd followed, with their Gold Fields of South Africa company. [24], Colonel Robert Jacob Gordon of the Dutch East India Company was the first European to explore parts of the interior while commanding the Dutch garrison at the renamed Cape of Good Hope, from 1780 to 1795. For nearly 100 years subsequently, the Xhosa fought the settlers sporadically, first the Boers or Afrikaners and later the British. [125], Among other harsh segregationist laws, including denial of voting rights to black people, the Union parliament enacted the 1913 Natives' Land Act, which earmarked only eight percent of South Africa's available land for black occupancy. Kaiser Wilhelm's government arranged for the two Boer Republics to purchase modern breech-loading Mauser rifles and millions of smokeless gunpowder cartridges. Another reason for Dutch-speaking white farmers trekking away from the Cape was the abolition of slavery by the British government on Emancipation Day, 1 December 1838. Pearson Longman. It has been estimated that the total number of British and colonial troops deployed in South Africa during the war outnumbered the population of the two Boer Republics by more than 150,000. Wilson Center Digital Archives, International History Declassified, Inge Tvedten, Angola: Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction, SIPRI Yearbook: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Most of the deaths occurred between 1992 and 1993, after South African and Cuban involvement had ended. The first modern humans are believed to have inhabited South Africa more than 100,000 years ago. Means "lion" in Tswana and Sotho. [216] A wealth tax on the super-rich to fund developmental projects was set aside, while domestic and international corporations, enriched by apartheid, were excused from any financial reparations. Retief Afrikaans Afrikaans form of Rtif. By the end of the siege, about three weeks later, Mokopane and between 1,000 and 3,000 people had died in the caves. [34] The Cape Articles of Capitulation of 1806 allowed the colony to retain "all their rights and privileges which they have enjoyed hitherto",[35] and this launched South Africa on a divergent course from the rest of the British Empire, allowing the continuance of Roman-Dutch law. In further research at the Blombos cave in 2002, stones were discovered engraved with grid or cross-hatch patterns, dated to some 70,000 years ago. Abara: Originating from the Igbo group of West Africa, Abara means 'spirit'. Nelson Mandela was elected as President on 9 May 1994 and formed a Government of National Unity, consisting of the ANC, the National Party and Inkatha. Most of the bodies were dumped in unmarked graves. Germany's Ludwig Loewe company, later known as Deutsche Waffen-und Munitionfabriken, delivered 55,000 of these rifles to the Boers in 1896. Likewise the Indian element (led by Mahatma Gandhi) generally supported the war effort. Surnames of South African origin (5 C, 5 P) Surnames of Swaziland origin (1 P) Surnames of Tunisian origin (10 P) Surnames of West African origin (5 C, 3 P) Swahili-language surnames (4 P) T Surnames of Tanzania (1 P) Y Yoruba-language surnames (103 P) Z Zambian surnames (33 P) Zimbabwean surnames (12 P) [65], By 1893, when the lawyer and social activist Mahatma Gandhi arrived in Durban, Indians outnumbered whites in Natal. After the March 1960 massacre of 69 peaceful demonstrators at Sharpeville, and the subsequent declaration of a state of emergency, and the banning of anti-apartheid parties including the African National Congress (ANC), the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), and the Communist Party of South Africa, the focus of national resistance turned to armed struggle and underground activity. An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your South African ancestors lived in harsh conditions. Axmed (Somali origin) the variant for Ahmed. Kruger rejected the British demand and called for the withdrawal of British troops from the borders of the South African Republic. [214] ANC icon Nelson Mandela, asserted in a statement released on 25 January 1990: "The nationalisation of the mines, banks and monopoly industries is the policy of the ANC, and a change or modification of our views in this regard is inconceivable. 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