Kinnunen and Haahti (2015) estimated a few years ago that the number of festivals is something between 500 and 800, and Finland Festivals, the umbrella association of 79 Finnish festivals, reported over 2 million festival visits in 2019 (Finland Festivals, 2020). [3] 175-188. 41-60. (2016). This means that frequent attendees understand how important it is for the overall festival experience that they contribute to the festival atmosphere. They were also aware that their behaviour influenced other attendees and that they were co-creating the social festival atmosphere. 4, pp. Communality and the sense of belonging built by festival attendees was a major building block for both fandom and career development; it was related to participation motives where the social atmosphere of festivals played an important role. 6 No. Stebbins, R.A. (1992), Amateurs, Professionals, and Serious Leisure, McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal. The third spot is taken up by the Montreal International Jazz Festival. Awareness and attraction describe a casual spectator whereas attachment and allegiance are more related to fandom. People who attend theatre or comedy performances are 26% more likely to report very good or excellent health, even taking into account socio-economic factors. This is not essential in music festival attendance. They dont need the grind of touring anymore. 7-30. This means that live music is an essential part of a frequent festivalgoer's life, like for Tiina who summarizes that I see the Finnish musical scene (laugh) so that the summer is predominantly the festival season and the winter is the time for club gigs and concerts. You need a Statista Account for unlimited access. The main limitation of the study was the voluntary response sample used for the survey. Getz and Andersson (2010, 2020), as well as Getz and McConnell (2011), tested the event travel career model among participants of different sports events and concluded that it contained the following dimensions: motivations, travel styles, temporal and spatial dimensions, and event and destination choices. Sandelowski, M., Voils, C.I. Visit emeraldpublishing.com/platformupdate to discover the latest news and updates, Answers to the most commonly asked questions here, Center for Cultural Policy Research Cupore, 2021, Maarit Kinnunen, Antti Honkanen and Mervi Luonila, Have you found what you're looking for? The interviewees participated in member checking procedures (Harvey, 2015) as they first checked and approved the transcriptions verbatim and later commented on this article, ensuring that their sayings were correctly interpreted. We stuck to our own blueprint and we havent changed a whole lot, he says. The last section connects frequent festival attendance with fandom and festival career development. 22 No. Everybody is doing it.. The collective identity with other fans (see Cavicchi, 1998; Duffett, 2013; Hill, 2016), on the other hand, facilitates social interactions with strangers who have similar values and interests and with whom the sense of belonging is felt (Rihova et al., 2015). Getz, D. and Patterson, I. (2006), Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: how is it done?, Qualitative Research, Vol. 283-298. 1068-1079. Nonetheless, its approximately two million visitors in 2019 granted it a sizable margin to the roughly 750,000 festival fans visiting Polish Pol'and'Rock festival in 2019. (2003), Music preferences, personality style, and developmental issues of adolescents, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, Vol. Use is, however, only permitted with Furthermore, a frequent festival attendee was aware that one had to be both relaxed and patient at festivals. 4 No. Larsen et al. Frequent festival attendance is a leisure career (contrary to a work career) that can be developed, consciously or unconsciously. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). This bulletin provides an overview of the demographic profiles, patterns of festival attendance and drug use, policing experiences and help-seeking behaviours of 5,155 Australian music festival attendees surveyed in late 2018. Highlights of Live Nation's fourth quarter and full. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022. 16 No. Taking second place with an attendance of about 2.7 million is Austria's Donauinselfest, taking place in Vienna over the course of three days in the middle of the Danube. All the attendees formed a temporary festival community that was restricted by space and time. When I started Four Chords, there were two other big [festivals], he says. The origins of music festivals date back to ancient Greece, where such events often involved competitions in music, arts and sports. Because listening to music has become practically free (or subscription-based), the access is unprecedentedand makes live music that much more special, according to Chirinos. The practices related to frequent festival attendance include social practices, knowledge and skills development as well as appropriate behavior. The Tortuga Music Festival continues through Sunday. Statistical methods used were chi-square, correlation and MannWhitney U-tests. Large corporate live music promoters, such as Live Nation or AEG Live, have, in recent years, acquired hefty controlling stakes in some of the countrys biggest festivals. Scotland reported the biggest jump in music tourists, up 38% year-on-year to. 64-83. 3, pp. On the business side, music festivals have become more streamlined and shaped by the advent of big music promoters over the last decade. Social practices include bonding, bridging, the sense of community and belonging (cf. Suomi, K., Luonila, M. and Thtinen, J. 34% of event organizers consider attendance the most significant benefit from the switch to virtual events. 117-138. Even more surprising, this means more people go to at least one U.S. music festival each year than the number of Americans who die each year. The increased and internalized knowledge was implemented in the code of conduct. Knowledge comprised also a wide range of information about different music festivals, both in Finland and abroad. to incorporate the statistic into your presentation at any time. The purpose of the present paper is to compare features of career development and fandom in frequent festival attendance in the context of Finnish music festivals. At the camping site, people chilled out to the point that they might not even enter the festival area (cf. 211-220. Nurturing a community driven by purpose, through mentoring. Campers organized activities like football and frisbee and all kinds of drinking games (Pekka), which made socializing and getting to know each other easier. The number of interviews was quite low. Harvey, L. (2015), Beyond member-checking: a dialogic approach to the research interview, International Journal of Research and Method in Education, Vol. During the festival, attendees feel strong, if only temporary, social links among complete strangers (Rihova et al., 2015, p. 79) inside festival communitas that is free of everyday social and economic constraints. Pupil attendance stats began in September 2022 and past releases are available on explore education statistics. Here, its, Have you been to Coachella? In the United Kingdom, its, Have you been to Glastonbury? Chirinos says. A majority of domestic sales unsurprisingly came from the Western region, particularly California locals. A paid subscription is required for full access. 5, pp. 97-113. Maslow, A.H. (1954), Motivation and Personality, Harper & Row, New York, NY. and Fouts, G.T. Reysen, S., Plante, C. and Chadborn, D. (2017), Better together: social connections mediate the relationship between fandom and well-being, AASCIT Journal of Health, Vol. 1275-1298. Location: Kostrzyn nad Odra. He notes that the majority of the touring schedule for a band like the Offspring, which played Woodstock 99, now consists of festival performances. Thus, knowledge was partly general travel knowledge in the context of music tourism. They were selected to find specific characteristics that are included in such a high frequency of festival attendance. Register in seconds and access exclusive features. Kinnunen, M., Luonila, M. and Honkanen, A. Fandom is both personal and collective (Duffett, 2014). Knowledge, on the other hand, was an essential part of music fandom but it was not present in music festival fandom in the same way as in artist or genre fandom, where knowledge was tested and sometimes even a prerequisite for respect and approval from other fans (Sinclair and Dolan, 2015). Motivation changed with expertise: for instance, festival fans wanted to maintain the aspect of novelty (Getz, 2007; Getz and Andersson, 2020) by visiting new festivals in different locations. The aim for using a mixed methods approach was to get a deeper understanding of the phenomena of festival fandom and festival career development. (2015), Social constructions of value: marketing considerations for the context of event and festival visitation, in Moufakkir, O. and Pernecky, T. (Eds), Ideological, Social and Cultural Aspects of Events, CABI International, Wallingford, pp. The most important theoretical contribution is that according to our findings in frequent festival attendance, both festival career development and festival fandom are most clearly present in motivation development and social dimensions. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. Kinnunen, M., Homi, H. and Honkanen, A. 23-39. held from March 8-10, 2019 at the University of Sheffield and Sheffield Town Hall. Sleeping in a tent for days to catch a glimpse of Beyonc making history at Coachella. Successfully organised, planned, and executed events to bond the mentoring community, and developed lasting relationships in the club among 50 mentor-mentee pairs. 39 No. Social practices in festivals include not only social interactions but also collective actions like dancing and singing along. Pauli started to prefer festivals abroad after his first visit to the Sziget festival in Hungary was so inspiring. Analysing tourist experiences of Wagner's Bayreuth, ABBA's Stockholm and U2's Dublin, Tourist Studies, Vol. 0000000596 00000 n You need at least a Starter Account to use this feature. Pearce, P.L. All the interviewees said that festival attendance was a social event for them. 1, pp. (2008), Does Gender Influence Online Survey Participation? For instance, the fans of heavy metal music tend to be very loyal metal festival attendees due to the music and like-minded participants (Kinnunen et al., 2019a), nurturing genre-based music tourism (Lashua et al., 2014). Lollapalooza has seen an international audience from an average of 15 countries, while the CMA Music Festival brings in fans from four outside nations. 164-181. In numerous event motivation studies (see review by Li and Petrick, 2006), interests towards program, artists and atmosphere have been identified, but not the phenomenon of festival fandom per se. Regarding fandom, this is the fan interest, whose depth or psychological connection (PCM) defines the intensity of fan practices. These aspects are discussed in more detail in the Summary of theoretical framework section. Dimensions of football fandom in Poland, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, Vol. Furthermore, being able to control one's own alcohol consumption meant that the festivalgoer was able to see the performances, and not to miss them as Pekka illustrated: Sometimes it happened that an evening was kind of totally blacked out since you had drunk so much that you didnt remember anything of the evening's program, but nowadays it is fortunately really rare. Meretse, A.R., Mykletun, R.J. and Einarsen, K. (2016), Participants' benefits from visiting a food festival the case of the stavanger food festival (Gladmatfestivalen), Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, Vol. Even the niche festivals that might have more genre-specific lineups have to compete for audience attention. [Amount of festival visits 2019], available at: The psychological continuum model: a conceptual framework for understanding an individual's psychological connection to sport, The portable community: mobility and modernization in bluegrass festival life, Event Studies: Theory, Research and Policy for Planned Events, Event tourism: definition, evolution, and research, The event-tourist career trajectory: a study of high-involvement amateur distance runners, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, Testing the event travel career trajectory in multiple participation sports, Serious sport tourism and event travel careers, Social worlds as a framework for event and travel careers, Beyond member-checking: a dialogic approach to the research interview, International Journal of Research and Method in Education, Imprinting, incubation and intensification: factors contributing to fan club formation and continuance, Gender, Metal and the Media: Women Fans and the Gendered Experience of Music, Mixed methods in international business research: a value-added perspective, A model of serious leisure identification: the case of football fandom, What's my scene: festival fandom and the application of the big day out stage, Collective Emotions: Perspectives from Psychology, Philosophy, and Sociology, Serious Leisure, Participation and Experience in Tourism: Authenticity and Ritual in a Renaissance Festival, Total Festival Experience: A Mixed Methods Research Approach to Consumer Experiences in Finnish Cultural Festivals, Visitor discourses on experiences: reasons for festival success and failure, Festivaalibarometri 2018: Yleiskatsaus ja olennaisimmat muutokset 20142018 [Festival Barometer 2018: Overview and Biggest Changes in 20142018], Social sustainability in adolescents' music event attendance, Festivals in Focus: Contemporary European Case-Studies and Perspectives, Where are the hooligans? (Statista) 8. Kim, H. (2004), Serious Leisure, Participation and Experience in Tourism: Authenticity and Ritual in a Renaissance Festival, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. 3, pp. Jul 2019. In career development, the most important aspects are changed behavior and motivation, sense of community with others and skills development (see Getz, 2008; Getz and McConnell, 2011; Mackellar, 2009). Kinnunen, M., Koivisto, J. and Luonila, M. (2019b), Festivaalibarometri 2018: Yleiskatsaus ja olennaisimmat muutokset 20142018 [Festival Barometer 2018: Overview and Biggest Changes in 20142018], Sibelius-Akatemia, Helsinki. One guy has a freezer. De Groot, M. and Robinson, T. (2008), Sport fan attachment and the Psychological Continuum Model: a case study of an Australian football league fan, Leisure / Loisir, Vol. Live music attendees (including popular and classical music) are 23% more likely to report very good or excellent health. All in all, the increase in skills and knowledge made the festival attendance easier and more enjoyable, reducing attendance-related stress. 211-226. Bryman, A. Furthermore, in career models, increased consumption influences motivation. The serious nature of festival participation has been noted as loyal visitors return year after year to the same festival and sense a kind of ownership of the festival in question (Kim, 2004). This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Most successful worldwide music tours of all time as of November 2019, based on gross revenue (in million U.S. dollars) Highest grossing festivals worldwide in 2019 Highest grossing festivals. Knowing the area, they knew when to wander to another stage to occupy good places for the next performance. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. However, these fans did not try to meet their idols in person. 4, pp. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. First, a music festival attendee might be a fan of an artist. Furthermore, Finns' attitudes, tastes and perceptions of festivals have not changed much along the years (see the report on the longitudinal Finnish Festival Barometer research in 20142018, Kinnunen et al., 2019b), except 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic caused the cancellation of summer festivals. The other survey sample bias was towards female respondents since women tend to answer more eagerly research surveys (Smith, 2008). 85-104. Accessed March 01, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1139010/festival-and-events-attendance-canada/, Elevent. Lamont et al. In respect to social aspects, festival communitas and social dimensions of festival attendance are recognised (Quinn and Wilks, 2016), but in the case of festival fans, the sense of belonging extends beyond the festival timeframe and it is currently undervalued. The nature of the festival makes it the odd one out on this list, since it takes place over the course of two weeks and not just one or two weekends. 27 No. Summerfest, which sees between 750,000 and 850,000 people each year over the course of its nearly two-week run, has billed itself as the worlds largest music festival (though the current record actually belongs to Austrias Donauinselfest, which had more than 3 million attendees in 2015). Regarding the artistic offer, the festival field in Finland can be seen as a thriving context, when hundreds of not-for-profit and for-profit organizations produce artistic content throughout the country (Amberla, 2013). Ticketmaster / 6th June 2019 Festival Finder State of Play Reading & Leeds is the most attended festival There was a statistically significant, strong positive correlation between them (rs=0.380, p=0.000). In summary, music meant more to frequent festivalgoers and they also consumed more live music in general than casual festivalgoers, which can be interpreted as fandom for artists, musical genres, or both. In this respect, since Finland has been labelled as a land of festivals, in particular music festivals (Luonila and Johansson, 2015), it makes the country a suitable context for the current study on frequent music festival attendance. Mintel research also reveals that concert attendance is rising as almost four in 10 (38%) UK adults attended a music concert in the last year*, up from 34% in 2018. Getz, D. (2007), Event Studies: Theory, Research and Policy for Planned Events, Elsevier, Amsterdam. We keep offering new experiences, from front-row viewing to VIP experiences, to embracing new technology, Smiley tells TIME. Her focus areas are festival audiences and their experiences. 3, pp. Attendance rates for people aged 15 and over living in greater capital cities were higher when compared with people living in other regions of Australia. Each year, the company offers a Festival Passport that gives audiences access to more than 100 festivals starting at $999. Here's State of Play: Festivals 2019. Thus, familial responsibilities were minimal for them. More than 70% of attendance is expected to occur during the tail end of this year, specifically during the months of June through December. The sense of belonging within the same interest group, whose members do not necessarily know each other, is a longer-lasting phenomenon than the sense of community that usually lasts only for the duration of the festival. 3, pp. 29-40. Share of attendees at selected leading festivals and events in Canada as of December 2019 [Graph]. Both time and money are invested in the fan interest (Cavicchi, 1998) since fandom entails following the fan interest; for example, for an artist or musical genre, physically by attending concerts or festivals, and virtually by reading and commenting on articles and fan pages. Parklife is an annual two-day music festival in Manchester, England and takes place in June each year.The festival predominantly features dance and electronic music, as well as pop and hip-hop artists.. Jointly organised by a number of groups, including Manchester's The Warehouse Project and Live Nation, the festival started life as Mad Ferret Festival in Platt Fields Park, Rusholme, before . Strategically, through the social practices mentioned during, before, and after the festival, frequent festivalgoers have the potential to be actors in the production networks who mobilise the co-creation of a sense of community (Rihova et al., 2018) or festival brand (Suomi et al., 2020). Denscombe, M. (2008), Communities of practice, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, Vol. Four Omaha area bands were featured on a local stage at the festival: Jes Winter Band, Noah's Ark Was A . She attended one new festival per year and a total of ten festivals a year: I always aim to attend ten but this year it was only nine because I ran out of money (laugh). Festival attendance also increased fans' well-being (cf. ", Elevent, Share of attendees at selected leading festivals and events in Canada as of December 2019 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1139010/festival-and-events-attendance-canada/ (last visited March 01, 2023), Share of attendees at selected leading festivals and events in Canada as of December 2019 [Graph], Elevent, July 10, 2020. However, it is somewhat peculiar that the event travel career has not been studied within the scope of music festivals, which comprise a remarkable part of the event market, and most festivals have a considerable number of regular attendees. Wood, E.H. and Kinnunen, M. (2020), Emotion, memory and re-collective value: shared festival experiences, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 6, pp. 0000004924 00000 n 3-9. 128-147. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEFM-08-2020-0050, Copyright 2021, Maarit Kinnunen, Antti Honkanen and Mervi Luonila, Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. With a record attendance of 470,000, the Essence Music Festival welcomed the likes of Mariah Carey, Diana Ross, John Legend, Snoop Dogg, The Roots, Solange, and Janelle Mone in recent years (to name only a few). These are, on the other hand, core constituents of social sustainability as defined by Quinn and Wilks (2016) and Rihova et al. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1101275/largest-uk-music-festivals/, Largest music festivals in the United Kingdom in 2019, by audience capacity, Available to download in PNG, PDF, XLS format, Global live music industry revenue by source 2014-2024, Music industry gross value added (GVA) in the United Kingdom in 2018, by sector, Music industry export value in the United Kingdom (UK) 2018, by sector, Live music attendance in the United Kingdom (UK) 2011-2018, Number of music tourists in the United Kingdom (UK) 2016-2019, Live music event attendance in the United Kingdom (UK) 2015-2018, by tourist type, Live music tourist attendance in the United Kingdom (UK) 2018, by region, Spending generated by music tourism in the United Kingdom (UK) 2016-2019, Music tourist spending in the United Kingdom (UK) 2019, by region, Overseas music tourists: average spending in the United Kingdom (UK) 2011-2018, Full-time jobs sustained by music tourism in the United Kingdom (UK) 2016-2019, Music tourism jobs in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2019, by region, Number of live shows at event venues in the UK and Ireland 2018, by genre, Average attendance at live shows in the UK and Ireland 2018, by genre, Music companies most subsidized by Arts Council England 2023-2026, London music companies most subsidized by Arts Council England 2023-2026, Number of classical music concerts screened in cinemas in the UK 2007-2018, Number of popular music concerts screened in cinemas in the UK 2007-2018, Revenues from pop music concerts screened in cinemas in the UK 2013-2018, Glastonbury Festival in the UK: Ticket prices 2014-2020, Glastonbury Festival: tickets sell-out time 2011-2020, When festival-goers buy tickets in the United Kingdom (UK) 2019, Who festival-goers attend festivals with in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2019, Reasons for attending music festivals in the UK 2019, Most important UK festival initiatives 2019, Opinions on UK festival line-up diversity 2019, When audiences will return to live events after lockdown in the UK and Ireland 2020, Booking live events after COVID-19: refund reassurances UK and Ireland 2020, Safety measures at live events after COVID-19 lockdown in the UK and Ireland 2020, Preferred venue types for events after COVID-19 lockdown in the UK and Ireland 2020, Europe: Opinion on live music streams during the coronavirus lockdown in 2020, Most popular music festivals in Hungary 2022, Italy: number of music festivals per city 2015, Italy: number of music festivals by genre 2015, Interest in the Glastonbury music festival in Great Britain (UK) 2014, by demographic, Highest-grossing music festivals in Latin America 2019, Favorite music genres among music festival visitors in Europe 2016, Brazil: revenue of Lollapalooza music festival 2014-2019, Countries ranked by the number of voted awarded to Spain in the ESC 1961-2021, French residents' intention to go to a festival during summer holidays in 2015, Seating capacity in cinemas Singapore 2020-2021, by major exhibitor, Musical performances number South Korea 2011-2016, Admissions at dance and concertinos events in Italy 2013-2018, Music industry in the United Kingdom (UK), Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, waited for the entire line-up announcement to make their purchase, top three most important initiatives to attendees, 37 percent of concert-goers were satisfied with the diversity of acts offered. 19 No. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Worldwide music tour gross revenues 2011-2020, Number of music tour tickets sold worldwide 2011-2020, Leading music promoters worldwide 2020, by number of tickets sold, Highest grossing music tour each year in North America 2000-2021, Music industry revenue worldwide from 2012 to 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars), Music tour gross revenues from 2011 to 2020 worldwide (in billion U.S. dollars), Most successful music tours worldwide 2021, Most successful music tours worldwide in 2021, based on average gross revenue per show (in million U.S. dollars), Highest grossing worldwide music tours of all time 2019, Most successful worldwide music tours of all time as of November 2019, based on gross revenue (in million U.S. dollars), Highest grossing festivals worldwide in 2019, Highest grossing festivals worldwide in 2019 (in million U.S. dollars), Number of music tour tickets sold from 2011 to 2020 worldwide (in millions), Average worldwide music tour admission price 2011-2019, Average ticket price for music tour concert admission from 2011 to 2019 worldwide (in U.S. dollars), Number of tickets sold for the highest grossing music festivals worldwide 2019, Number of tickets sold for the highest grossing music festivals worldwide in 2019 (in 1,000s), Leading music promoters worldwide in 2020, by number of tickets sold (in millions), The most successful music tours in North America in 2021, Most successful music tours in North America in 2021, based on gross revenue (in million U.S. dollars), Highest grossing music tour each year in North America from 2000 to 2021 (in million U.S. dollars), Most successful music tours in North America 2021, based on ticket sales, Most successful music tours in North America in 2021, based on ticket sales, Music sponsorship spending in North America 2010-2018, Music sponsorship spending in North America from 2010 to 2018 (in billion U.S. dollars), Canada: total music market revenue 2011-2020, Total music market revenue in Canada from 2011 to 2020 (in million Canadian dollars), Countries with the smallest music product sales per capita worldwide 2018, Countries with the smallest music product sales per capita worldwide in 2018 (in U.S. dollars)*, Quarterly spending of U.S. household on plays, theater, opera, and concerts 2013-2021, Average quarterly expenditure on plays, theater, opera, and concerts per consumer unit in the United States from 2013 to 2021 (in U.S. dollars), Share of parents taking children to a live music event U.S. 2018. 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Serious Leisure, McGill-Queen 's University Press, Montreal fan of an artist % of event organizers consider the!, McGill-Queen 's University Press, Montreal to ancient Greece, where such events often involved competitions in music arts. For using a mixed methods research, Vol such a high frequency of festival attendance co-creating the social atmosphere..., particularly California locals: Get quick analyses with our professional research service they might even! Of conduct include bonding, bridging, the company offers a festival Passport that gives access. Stats began in September 2022 and past releases are available on explore education statistics from 50 countries and over million! Festivals starting at $ 999 competitions in music, arts and sports belonging (.. Analyses with our professional research service of fan practices and personality, Harper & Row, new York,.! Done?, qualitative research, Vol that festival attendance is a Leisure (! And U2 's Dublin, tourist Studies, Vol methods used were chi-square, correlation and MannWhitney.. Furthermore, in career models, increased consumption influences Motivation comprised also a range. Accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get analyses!, in career models, increased consumption influences Motivation Creative Commons Attribution ( by.
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