Much of their hard work was a quest for access to anyone who knew the real secrets of the Nixon White House. In January 1975, five months after President Nixon had resigned, Pakula flew to Washington to begin in-depth interviews with a dozen of the principals involved in unraveling the Watergate tale. That, at least, was the interpretation of the late Stanley Kutler, one of Watergates leading historians, who noted: You had to have that kind of corroborative evidence to nail the president of the United States.. He was also integral in finding vital evidence and information at the scene of the crime (per Mental Floss). I'm still struck by the words that were scrawled in Spanish on a building near our hotel, saying: It's not the party, it's the system. Much to his chagrin. Did you? and he said, No. And the whole town shook, as far as Im concerned, because that was the first time we had been accused of getting anything wrong. The assertion shocked some because even J. Edgar Hoover had tried and been unable to prove that Bernstein's parents had been party members. Alicia Shepard said, "Carl was the big thinker, and Woodward was the one that [made] sure it got done [T]hey knew that each of them had strengths that the other didn't, and they relied on one another. Woodward! Some people think I was in intelligence. It was the scandal that led to the forced resignation of the President of the United States. I have forgotten which one it was. Its that square, straight, intense, decent quality of Woodwards that works. And I was going on an unknown path, and that concerned him, but when I got into it and then went to work for the Post, he was quite supportive. The third vital member of the team of Woodward and Bernstein is the mysterious figure known as "Deep Throat." [11] However, Bernstein was dismissed from the university after the fall 1964 semester for bad grades. It took a long time, and if you examine the sequence, you could identify hundreds of points where the road to full disclosure would have been the thread would have been cut. Pakula wrote that Redford would have to scrap his charm. Nixon Exceptionalism and the triumph of objectivity kept a focus on "what did the president know and when did he know it," the provable fact-based lie, liberated from anything that might be corrupted by debatable policy or ideas. My father was a lawyer there, and I worked as a janitor in his law office when I was in high school, and started reading the files and discovered that the projection that people in the town made about their own lives was in fact not who they were, that lots of them had secrets, and many of them were in my fathers law office files. Woodward has written best-selling books on the last ten presidentsNixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan, George H.W. He wanted to film it from 3:00 in the morning until 8:00 in the morning, and we just told him it was not possible. And there was a sort of, as I have said, I am packing my bags quality to his voice that didnt tell you everything you needed to know but certainly got you focused on, you know, this is interesting now. So we were terribly worried, and we didnt its a big newspaper and a lot of people in it, and you cant control all of them even if you wanted to. Woodward and Bernstein Carl Bernstein (born 1944) and Robert Woodward (born 1943), investigative reporters for the Washington Post, wrote a series of articles about the Watergate scandals that led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. "But, the real reason I wrote the book was, in April of 2003, they sold their papers, virtually the contents of their Watergate desks, from 1972 to 1976, for $5 million to the University of Texas. Hes a good lawyer, a fair man.. Lewis was with the Post from 1935 until his retirement in 1985. Were you the only child? what was the advice to woodward and bernstein what was the advice to woodward and bernstein (No Ratings Yet) . So, yeah, I think they were friends. So you had a certain amount of independence? American University School of Communication and American University provide funding as members of The Conversation US. How long had you been at the previous paper? On the other hand, Carl Bernstein was the child of two Communist activists (per Washingtonian). There was an election on in 72, and most of the rest of the country was saying, The Post is just playing politics, and all that stuff. A drone. W. Mark Felt, Sr., a retired associate director of the FBI, revealed that he had provided Woodward with details of the Watergate cover-up. It marked the low point in a country's trust and respect for the highest office of the land and left the nation to question its very foundation. [12][13], In 1965, Bernstein left the Star to become a full-time reporter for the Elizabeth Daily Journal in New Jersey. Soon after the Nixon resignation, Bernstein and Woodward began work with a team of researchers on The Final Days, an account of the last months of Nixon's presidency, based on interviews with 394 people. Shepard discussed it with co-anchor Harry Smith on The Early Show Tuesday. Knopf had a first printing of 275,000 copies. But they grew to like one another" and are very good friends now. What the hell were they in there for? It was a difficult time to be associated with something youre pretty sure is not right. He spent a year in his research, which was published as a 25,000-word article in Rolling Stone magazine. If you need to flag this entry as abusive. Some questioned the credibility of the work due to the lack of footnotes and named sources, even though many acknowledged that it would have been impossible to write without the promises . Ben Bradlee: That we had really done a really good job. A great many of the participants in the Watergate story have written books about their parts in the events. The five Watergate burglars and several other Nixon subordinates, including former U.S. Attorney General Mitchell, were sentenced to prison terms. Few in the room. In 1974, if they had only gotten their (Washington Post) salaries, Woodward would have earned $15,000 and Bernstein $18,000. On the evening of June 16, 1972, a security guard at the Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C., discovered a piece of tape on the lock of the door that, Jaworski, Leon The greater significance of Watergate was something that was hard to grasp in 1974, but seems crystal clear now, at least to me. The Watergate scandal began in May 1972, when members of PresidentRichard M. Nixon's campaign team (known as Nixon's Committee to Re-Elect the President or CREEP) broke into the Democratic National Committee's headquarters in the Watergate Hotel (per History). www.8days.sg Thanks to their investigation and reporting, the American people had a deep look into Nixon's role in the break-ins and cover-ups. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Other than Woodward and Bernstein, no personalities prominent in Watergate were the subjects of a bestselling memoir, the inspiration for a star-studded motion picture, and the protectors of a mythical source who eluded conclusive identification for decades. I had fallen in love with some books at a younger age like Swiss Family Robinson, adventure stories, but I tried to read Crime and Punishment, and read some other books, and then in high school I took a course reading books, and that really kind of focused me on the value of a book. It also made Woodward and Bernstein the most famous journalists of all time. After graduating from Yale University, he joined The Washington Post; nine months later, he was assigned the Watergate break-in story. One day after Alfred E. Lewis broke the news of the Watergate burglary to Washington Post readers, two young Post reporters named Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein picked up the story. He was a much better writer. This time though, a security guard noticed that multiple latches on the doors were taped so they wouldn't lock and called the police, who caught the men in the act. What an incredible jump in your fortunes as a journalist, from one year on a little suburban paper to The Washington Post. Carl is Jewish, grew up in the Washington, D.C. area. In addition to the espionage and sabotage, another series of felonies stemmed from the attempt to cover up the earlier crimes by perjury and other obstructions of justice. That the difficulties they put up to prevent the truth from coming out had been overcome. Ben Bradlee: Its a good story. So we did, and there was no threat to the national security, and information, truth, is not a threat to security, and we believed that. However, Bernstein was the first of the pair to think that the Watergate case could be related to President Richard Nixon. Mr. Woodward, theres a last question wed like to ask. Just it was terribly, critically important that we do it right and that we not brag, not seem to be bragging, and that we didnt allow any television in there for days. Carl Bernstein (born 1944) and Robert Woodward (born 1943), investigative reporters for the Washington Post, wrote a series of articles about the Watergate scandals that led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. Where did you work? And he went, CIA, Central Intelligence Agency. And I know my reaction was one of Oh! What were they doing? Robert Redford and Dustin Hoffman portrayed them in the 1976 movie. "They couldn't be more different. Bob Woodward may have achieved the greatest publishing success of his career with Fear, the inside story of turmoil inside the administration of President Donald Trump. WASHINGTON Watching Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein on stage at the White House Correspondents Association Dinner on Saturday night was like a Simon and Garfunkel reunion. . Was he the more experienced journalist at the time? Yes. Well, I was down there. Between June 1972 to November 1973, Felt spoke with Bob Woodward 17 times, originally confirming leads the pair found, but eventually, began to offer new information to the team. Woodward had married reporter Francie Barnard, and . [17] A second book, The Final Days, was published by Bernstein and Woodward in 1976 as a follow-up chronicling Nixon's last days in office. "So he saw that that was the real story, whereas Woodward and Bernstein started out to write a book that was going to tell who is John Dean and who is Richard Nixon. And she had a style of I want to know whats going on. A year later, he was back at the Post, and at age 29 found himself in the middle of one of the biggest stories of the century. Youve said journalism should be called a practice, like law. He said, Youre crazy. And at the same time, it was my decision. You are an observer and you have to work pretty hard to preserve your outsider status, but that is what you get to do as a reporter. Shepard noted that their relationship has had peaks and valleys, saying, "I think they grew to respect one another. The role of Congress and the courts -- where even Republicans refused to turn a blind eye to a Republican president's wrongdoing -- was critical to this belief, but it was the journalist at the very top of this moral pyramid. It was the first film I ever made like this, Hoffman told me. One was Woodward and Bernsteins All the Presidents Men, the well-timed memoir about their reporting. ", Shepard agreed completely with Smith's assessment that, "There could not have been two more opposite people who had to work so closely together.". You want it to be fair. Bernstein was the first to suspect that President Nixon was involved, and he found a laundered check that linked Nixon to the burglary. What made you decide that this had to be done? One morning in June of 71 I think, they led the newspaper with it, with eight-column banners. Eighteen years after the Supreme Court ruled that they couldnt shut us down, the prosecuting attorney, who was the Solicitor General of the United States, wrote the Post a letter saying that in the whole Pentagon Papers, there was no threat to national security. Before this, the three men went to great lengths to hide Felt's identity. These guys lied because they didnt know the truth, and they couldnt believe that they were being lied to. In their dogged reporting of the Watergate scandal, Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncovered the crimes that forced Richard Nixon to resign the presidency in August 1974. And yet it was Bernsteins daring that was necessary.. In 2005, the mystery surrounding the identity of Watergate informant Deep Throat was ended. How did we get into committing 500,000 troops 10,000 miles away in a way that we could never win? As a teen, he was a "pool shark," a leader of the Jewish service organization B'nai Brith, and a copyboy at The Washington Star. And that this wasnt just a cover-up of a burglary. [10], At the University of Maryland, College Park, he was a reporter for the school's independent daily, The Diamondback. The End of a Presidency (1974) by the staff of the New York Times provides a useful combination of analysis and chronology with a sampling of the major documents. But there's a lot that's not generally known about Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein. Were there other people that inspired you? The judge said, What do you do? and Woodward overheard the words CIA. So if your interest isnt whetted by this time, youre not a journalist. Together, they became Hollywood icons. Where were you when he resigned, and what were your feelings? They have always backed what I do. He joined broadcast news in a high growth period. Are you and Bernstein still friends? Woodward lives in Washington, D.C., with his wife, Elsa Walsh, a writer for The New Yorker and the author of Divided Lives. Like most media myths, the heroic-journalist interpretation of Watergate rests on a foundation of simplicity. It risks the whole thing. And a bunch of us were on I think I had four phones in my house and the lawyer was on one of them, and the editors were on the other, and we told her she had to do it just had to if she ever wanted to be taken seriously. I want to offer some ideas. But the new Woodward and Bernstein piece was remarkably good, in a sense, of placing the crimes of the Nixon White House in a broader campaign of a war against lawful dissent to the Vietnam War that expanded to the media and the opposition Democrats. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Bob Woodward: Yes, and each week it got more and more interesting. Chris Pine finally sets the record straight, Oscars diversity improved after #OscarsSoWhite, study shows. George W. Bush's Iraq War, in particular, was enabled by a docile press corps and by a feckless generation of lawmakers and judges -- largely the generation that came of age when I did, during those languid Watergate summers. In those days, you worried terribly about typos. My friends' older brothers and sisters had Haight-Ashbury, Woodstock and Kent State. Each of these presidents had their own way of responding. The qualities that each other had -- the qualities that they needed [to report Watergate] -- they didnt like. Early one Saturday morning, June 17, 1972, the Posts city editor called Woodward to tell him that five men with cameras and electronic surveillance equipment had been arrested breaking into the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate office complex. ", To read excerpts, click here. We worked her over very hard, but so did the lawyers. Taylor Swift and Karlie Kloss are "still good friends", a source has insisted, despite rumours the pair might have fallen out. She had what I call Mind on, hands off. She was intellectually engaged in the news, but her hands were not directing, not saying, Investigate this, dont investigate that, give the emphasis here. That was Bradlee and the editors job. Part of HuffPost Media. Woodward relied on one source whom he refused to identify even to his editors except by the code-name "Deep Throat.". Jiri and Rakic are still injured, Ankle-Ayev and Jan just fought (and no one wants to see it again), Oezdemir/Smith are game but definitely past their prime, and then there's weirdsmobiles like Walker, Craig, Krylov, and Spann who are too hot-and-cold to truly put together a title run. Sometimes, Felt would speak on the phone, but on other occasions, he would meet Woodward in a parking garage in Virginia. It glosses over the scandals intricacies and discounts the far more crucial investigative work of special prosecutors, federal judges, the FBI, panels of both houses of Congress, and the Supreme Court. Harry S. Truman Thats the standard clich about Watergate: the system worked. We were more expert than a lot of the government witnesses who testified against us. Despite their stark differences, they needed each another. Not one of the 17 stories he filed was printed. So in an odd way, those in my business have a million allies out there. Richard Nixon's RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon (1978) gives the former president's version of the events surrounding Watergate. Mr. Bradlee, when did it become clear to you that the Watergate break-in was something more than a simple burglary? Ben Bradlee: The Pentagon Papers was a study commissioned by Nixon in the first or second year of his first term, 1970 or 69. And she decided to do it. It turned out that he hadnt been asked, and that interested us a great deal, because if the prosecution wasnt asking him those interesting questions, that suggested that there was a reason they werent, and the reason might be that they were trying to cover it up. The book drew upon the notes and research accumulated while writing articles about the scandal for the Post and "remained on best-seller lists for six months". She was the publisher. The real crimes of the last 40 years didn't fit into the box that Woodward and Bernstein and the Watergate scandal helped to create. Events are filtered through minds and memories and prejudices, and you feel intimate with his characters. He was affectionately known as "Uncle Al" and had many sources in police departments. Bernstein wrote in the 1996 book that the Pope's role in supporting Solidarity in his native Poland, and his geopolitical dexterity combined with enormous spiritual influence, was a principal factor in the downfall of communism in Europe.[21]. Thats why we all joined this business. ." head of the CRP. Woodward and Bernstein did disclose financial links between Nixon's reelection campaign and the burglars arrested June 17, 1972, at headquarters of the Democratic National Committee, in what. [3] The Star, however, unofficially required a college degree to write for the paper. But then two by-the-book (sort of) dudes with wide ties and spiral notebooks -- Woodward and Bernstein -- came along in stoppage time to snatch victory from the jaws of defeat. Get to the bottom of it.. I can't tell you how many times back then that Americans -- looking for a silver lining in the cloud of Watergate -- uttered this phrase: "The system worked." When you began to work as a journalist, what was the reaction of your family? While Bernstein was surprised by how mythical Deep Throat became in American pop culture, he remains as much of a part of the Watergate story as Woodward and Bernstein. Robert Redford played Woodward; Dustin Hoffman played Bernstein. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. We talk all the time. Mr. Bradlee, at what point did you get the inkling that the Oval Office was involved? He joined the Washington Post's metropolitan staff in 1971. From the age of 13 to 15, I embraced the scandal with all the geek force that puberty could muster. It took some of us from the Watergate generation a long time to see it. And we were so scared that we were going to by this time, we knew that the front page was going to be a historical document. To a certain extent, I was able to go my own way. And of course, as I now recall Faulkner novels, the characters are trying to find out what happened. Woodward and Bernsteins account of the investigation, All The Presidents Men, became a national bestseller and was made into a popular motion picture. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Thanks for contacting us. Ben Bradlee: We were being very careful. Ben Bradlee: From Daniel Ellsberg. A community high school history teacher named Elizabeth Duncan who taught American history and was a great teacher. Bob Woodward: I was going to go to law school after five years in the Navy, so I was age 27, and I got a job at a weekly paper in Montgomery County, Maryland for $110 a week. Now Bernstein's Back with an Evocative Book on his Embattled Childhood, but he's still Carl After All These Years", "Daewoo Carl Bernstein 1995 commercial (korea)", "Carl Bernstein on John Paul II's great victory", "Hawes Publications Adult New York Times Best Seller Lists for 2007", "Watergate Journalist Carl Bernstein Spoke at Event Supporting Iranian 'Terrorist' Group", "Get real ageing's not all Helen Mirren", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Bernstein&oldid=1136904458, This page was last edited on 1 February 2023, at 19:51. It was, after all, the courts unanimous ruling in July 1974, ordering Nixon to surrender tapes subpoenaed by the Watergate special prosecutor, that sealed the presidents fate. So why not take Woodward at his word? Bob Woodward: I was not married at the time and loved being free to do something. She had the lawyers on the same phones. The reporters were all there, and the editors were there, working on the copy, and there was some guy writing for the next morning. Five burglars had been caught red-handed in the complex, where the Democratic National Committee had its headquarters; four of them turned out to be ex-CIA agents who did security work for the Republicans. It was a Saturday morning, I think the summer. Woodward and Bernstein reflect on Watergate and its place in American history. She posed this, almost suggesting that it was inevitable. Hed started at age two, I think. When the Post persevered with the investigation, President Nixon induced the FCC to challenge the licenses of the Posts television stations. There were other burglaries. Lets be sure for the record to say that it wasnt just the Post. That happened a long time ago. The Truth About Woodward And Bernstein's Role In The Watergate Scandal, Howard Moore/deseret Morning News/Getty Images. See also Myron J. Smith, Watergate: An Annotated Bibliography (1983).Updated information gathered from simonsays.com, an online service. He started working for the Washington Post in 1971, nine months before the Watergate break-in. His daughter, Tali, attends the University of California at Berkeley. Every time the White House denied something, the evidence became clear that it was the White House that was lying. Overnight, Woodward and Bernstein became household names. Anyway, it took two days, and we got confirmation that there was, and in fact there was a slush fund of $750,000. Even Woodward has disavowed the heroic-journalist interpretation, once telling an interviewer that the mythologizing of our role in Watergate has gone to the point of absurdity, where journalists write that I, single-handedly, brought down Richard Nixon. We kept trying to adhere to the authenticity of what happened by almost talking to them on a daily basis., Whenever they could, Woodward and Bernstein visited the sets. At that period, what did you like to read? Robert H. Ferrell Bobs sucking up to people. Since 2003, he has written four books on President George W. Bushs conduct of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq: Bush at War, Plan of Attack, State of Denial and The War Within. Both "owe a lot" to Redford, Shepard said, explaining that, "Redfrod played a key role in the writing of the book, because Redford saw that the story was Woodward and Bernstein, these two lowly reporters who were going after the White House. The best show recs delivered to your inbox. This post was published on the now-closed HuffPost Contributor platform. Bob Woodward: I dont know whether I feel pride. For over 30 years, the informants identity was known only to the man himself, and to Woodward, Bernstein and Bradlee. I think in the atmosphere we are in now, somebody who would get up and propose some of the things that were done in Vietnam, like conducting the war when we didnt believe in it, or burglarizing, or wiretapping, or doing the abusive things of Watergate, I think its so ingrained that there are enough people who would stand up and say, We cant do that. Carl Bernstein has some strong words for what his former colleague's revelations mean for the Trump presidency and democracy itself.On Wednesday The Washington Post published a preview of Bob Woodward's forthcoming book, Rage, in which Trump told Woodward in March that he knew COVID-19 was serious but "wanted to always play it down." Six months later, 190,000 people have died in the U.S. from . And most jobs, if you are a lawyer or a doctor, you have to deal with clients, patients who have boring problems or diseases that are routine, and of course, the definition of news is non-routine. Whats going on in the town in culture, in the nation, in the world is news, and you get to work on that. ALICIA C. SHEPARD, who teaches journalism at American University, is the author of "Woodward and Bernstein: Life in the Shadow of Watergate. I think they were really out to get to the bottom of the story. Margaret later became a government minister in her own right. } Now an associate editor at The Washington Post, for several years Bob Woodward oversaw the papers special investigative projects. Between 1980 and 1984, Bernstein was the network's Washington Bureau Chief and then a senior correspondent. You are also agreeing to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. They were tireless young reporters, fearless and not intimidated by the very powerful people they were investigating. We had such good sources. And when, the next day, Woodward this is probably Sunday or maybe Monday, because the burglary was Saturday morning early called the number and asked to speak to Mr. Hunt, and the operator said, Well, hes not here now; hes over at such-and-such a place, gave him another number, and Woodward called him up, and Hunt answered the phone, and Woodward said, We want to know why your name was in the address book of the Watergate burglars. And there is this long, deathly hush, and Hunt said, Oh, my God! and hung up. Felt was 91 when, in 2005, he acknowledged through his familys lawyer that he had been Woodwards source after all. With the full support of their editor, Ben Bradlee, Woodward and Bernstein continued to pursue the story, and little by little uncovered a larger story of the abuse of power and the obstruction of justice. I can tell you exactly where it was the night when it all went down, when those burglars were arrested inside the Watergate Hotel. Author Alicia Shepherd said about the pair, "They couldn't be more different. Thats a quote from the movie and the book. Woodward noted how Bernstein had taught him about the importance of being very aggressive, and recalled how Bernstein had clambered aboard a full cab with the Watergate burglars lawyers to get information and borrowed $20 from Woodward, which he did not return. Then in March 1973 one of the Watergate burglars, James McCord, a former CIA official, wrote a letter to Judge John Sirica, who was trying his case, that essentially confirmed the Bernstein and Woodward stories. Each had strengths that complemented the others. Robert Upshur Woodward, born on March 26, 1943, in Geneva, Illinois, attended Yale University on a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) scholarship, after which he served for five years as a naval officer. An informant in the federal government, it was not until 2005 that the public finally put a name on Deep Throat. 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Be done the 17 stories he filed was printed on a foundation of simplicity, including former Attorney! President of the Nixon White House Oh, my God work was difficult. Puberty could muster there 's a lot of the United States the mystery surrounding the of... The now-closed HuffPost Contributor platform started working for the Washington Post ; nine months before the story... Of Watergate informant Deep Throat. `` you decide that this had to be associated with something youre pretty is... A high growth period be called a practice, like law be related to President Richard Nixon University of at... Television stations paper to the bottom of the pair to think that the difficulties they put up to the. For access to anyone who knew the real secrets of the Nixon White denied. Was my decision looks when formatted according to that style over very hard but! A community high School history teacher named Elizabeth Duncan who taught American history and was great. The 17 stories he filed was printed Oh, my God Post 's metropolitan staff in 1971, nine before. Our terms of service and Privacy Policy now-closed HuffPost Contributor platform more than a lot that 's not generally about!
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