Many of the congregants were literate, including Vesey himself. The Book of Mormon was published in 1830, and Smith began the formation of his church. In numerous ways, the organized womens rights movement grew out of abolitionist organizations and the movement of the early 1800s. Preachers and believers all over the country saw humankind and society as good and perfectible, able to improve and strive to become more like God. \text{Rosenwald Company (50\\\% Owned)}& 1,025,000& 900,000\\ Dubbed by historians, one of 100 or so reform communities that were established before the Civil War. The angel led him to a hillside near his fathers farm and revealed the Book of Mormon, etched on golden tablets. Gabriel, a blacksmith, was often leased out to work for others; in this more relaxed system, he was able to move more freely and recruit conspirators, a pattern that was only enhanced by the summers revival meetings. antebellum reform movements squarely in the context of the era's market revolution and the Second Great Awakening, and in so doing underscores the linkages between of economic, . By 1850, about 3.2 million slaves labored in the United States, 1.8 million of whom worked in the cotton fields. Moreover, cultural, social, and political tensions arose between the foreign American population and the local population in Liberia. In the early decades of the century, several groups emerged as colonizationists. These groups sought to remove blacks from the United States either through emigration or through the creation of colonies in Africa. What is the difference between the waterfall approach and agile project management? This experience empowered many women, who were encouraged to speak out, show devotion, and express themselves as spiritual equals. Simplify!"; and the minister Theodore Parker's close association with the radical abolitionist John Brown. For the most part, colonizationists accepted the idea of black inferiority. The Unitarian church was most popular in New England and was centered in Boston. Veseys plan called for teams of rebels to attack targets such as the arsenal and guardhouse. During this same period, debtors prisons began to disappear as reformers advocated reforming the poor rather than imprisoning them. The survey also asked the respondent's gender. In 1822, Charleston was home to a large African Methodist Episcopal congregation, as well as large numbers of Methodist and Baptist African American congregations. Evaluate the extent to which social and intellectual reform movements during the antebellum era (1820-1860) represented an expansion of democratic ideals analyzing what changed and what stayed the same from the period before the era to the period after. The abolitionist sentiment was also present in the South. Elizabeth Cady Stanton raised the issue of woman's suffrage for the first time, the principal author, modeled the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments on the Declaration of Independence - the document added "women" to Jefferson's axiom "all men are created equal." The Antebellum Period in American history is generally considered to be the period before the Civil War and after the War of 1812, although some historians expand it to all the years from the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 to the beginning of the Civil War. - challenged white Americans to face up to the reality that men and women no different form themselves were being held in bondage. Many prominent African American abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass were members of the Society. Black lay-preachers, not ordained but appointed by the church or community to lead services and preach, became important speakers for and within free and enslaved communities. There were still moments and events that made many Americans think that there was a lot of value in slavery in terms of free labor. A Pew Research Center survey asked respondents if they would rather live in a place with a slower pace of life or a place with a faster pace of life. There she found the inmates, some of them mentally ill (whom Dix refers to as lunatics), housed in filthy conditions in unheated cells. They believed that social deviants, including criminals and debtors, could be reformed and morally redeemed. Martin proceeded to use scriptural arguments to help convince other slaves to join the attack on the city. \textbf{Long-Term Debt}\\ David Walker, an African American abolitionist, called for a unified global black voice against slavery in his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. \text{Interest Expense} &&455,000\\ ), { "13.01:_Religious_Reforms_in_the_Antebellum_United_States" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.02:_Cultural_Movements-_Transcendentalism_Utopian_Communities_and_the_Cult_of_Domesticity" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.03:_American_Antebellum_Reform" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.04:_Conclusion" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.05:_Critical_Thinking_Exercises" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.06:_Key_Terms" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.07:_Chronology" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01:_United_States_History_Before_Columbus" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_The_Global_Context_-_Asia_Europe_and_Africa_in_the_Early_Modern_Era" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Initial_Contact_and_Conquest" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_The_Establishment_of_English_Colonies_Before_1642_and_Their_Development_Through_the_Late_Seventeenth_Century" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_English_Colonization_After_1660" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Growing_Pains_in_the_Colonies" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_The_Road_to_Revolution_(1754-1775)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_The_American_Revolution" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "09:_Articles_of_Confederation_and_the_Constitution" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "10:_The_Federalist_Era" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11:_The_Early_Republic" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "12:_Jacksonian_America_(1815-1840)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13:_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "14:_Westward_Expansion" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "15:_The_Impending_Crisis_(1848-1861)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "16:_The_Civil_War" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "17:_Reconstruction" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "license:ccbysa", "showtoc:no", "authorname:locks", "program:galileo", "licenseversion:40", "source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/" ], https://human.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fhuman.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FHistory%2FNational_History%2FBook%253A_United_States_History_to_1877_(Locks_et_al. In the spring of 1841, Dix visited a Cambridge jail in order to teach Sunday school for a group of women inmates. 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, January 28, 1919 Download image resource Description The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1919, banned the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States. Meanwhile, many doctors were citing large amounts of alcohol as injurious to an individuals health. \textbf{Current Liabilities}\\ Camp meetings were a new form of religious expression for the United States. The reformist impulse also stemmed from new social conditions. Add texts here. The supporters and opponents of temperance understood the meaning of freedom differently because they believed that banning of alcoholic beverages would eliminate a number of problems in the U.S. Also, the opportunity to increase to compete for economic gain and individual self-improvement. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. Before the early 1800s, education for most Americans was very basic. The Antebellum Era was the first of four major reform periods in American history. Twenty years later in Charleston, South Carolina, lay-preacher Denmark Vesey led a similar conspiracy to incite rebellion. Do not delete this text first. \text{Less Cost of Treasury Shares}& (1,000,000) &(1,400,000)\\ Over the next two days, the insurrectionists killed some sixty white men, women, and children. 2. According to many antebellum reformers, intemperance (drunkenness) stood as the most troubling problem in the United States, one that eroded morality, Christianity, and played a starring role in corrupting American democracy. -The Owenites originated in Britain and that practice made its way to Indiana, which makes it international in scope because it aimed to spread the ideas of this society around the world. \text{Additional Paid-In Capital}& 3,000,000 &2,400,000\\ Explain in your own words the significance of writing a bad check. Three hundred delegates, both men and women, attended the meeting. In either case, they often heard the same sermons, sang the same songs, and received the same message. In addition to cotton, the great commodity of the antebellum South was human chattel. \quad\text{of \$100,000 in 2012 and \$160,000 in 2013)}& 600,000 &500,000\\ Others simply tempered their message of spiritual equality and did not overtly challenge slavery. \text{Hutchinson Company (25\\\% Owned)} &175,000 &100,000\\ \text{Rent Received in Advance}& 50,000& \\ The abolitionist emblem - a portrait of a slave in chains coupled with the motto "Am I Not a Man and a Brother?" This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakening's basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. Although black and white abolitionists worked closely together in the movement and usually worked well together, African Americans experienced racial prejudice even within the abolitionist movement. The struggle to end slavery has a long history both globally and in the United States; indeed, the struggle to end slavery emerged at roughly the same time as slavery itself. In July 1848 they were finally able to call together a group together for the first national convention devoted to the issue of womens rights, the Seneca Falls Convention. Required (2) The bonds payable have a maturity (face) value of $4 million. In some instances, whites and blacks had separate, adjacent meetings; in others, they attended the same camp meeting, but slaves were in segregated seating. The plot was foiled when word of the conspirators plans were leaked; Vesey and thirty-four others were hanged, and thirty-seven more were exiled from the city as a result. \text{Amortization of Patent} &&125,000\\ Additional information is as follows: The Americans made up a tiny minority of the population but dominated Liberian politics until the 1980s. In 1837, Angelina wrote to William Lloyd Garrisons The Liberator. Evangelism found its greatest influence and the greatest number of converts in a movement of religious revivals in the United States: The Second Great Awakening. (Problem 10), REVENUESSales$13,920,000GainonSaleofMachineryandEquipment200,000EquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporation$1,800,000RosenwaldCompany125,000HutchinsonCompany75,0002,000,000TotalRevenues$16,120,000EXPENSESCostofGoodsSold$5,000,000EmployeePayrollExpense3,000,000DepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRights1,000,000AmortizationofPatent125,000BadDebtExpense120,000InterestExpense455,000GeneralCorporateExpenses420,000IncomeTaxesCurrent1,430,000IncomeTaxesDeferred170,000TotalExpenses$11,720,000NetIncome$4,400,000Less:DividendsonPreferredShares(120,000)DividendsonCommonShares(2,080,000)IncreaseinRetainedEarnings$2,200,000RetainedEarnings,December31,20122,800,000RetainedEarnings,December31,2013$5,000,000BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)$2.68DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$2.20\begin{array}{lrr} Gender However, abolitionism developed significantly over the 1800s. The result was the creation of penitentiaries, which sought to transform criminals into law abiding citizens through hard work, religious instruction, and isolation from the corruption of social vices. December 31 So they want to stay in the United States. Many southerners feared an uprising from within by the abolitionists. \text{REVENUES}\\ Horrified, she worked to publicize the conditions of the jail and gain public support for its improvement. By the 1790s, these two churches were gaining great popularity in the United States. For the most part, it appealed to the elite of society. Which of the following is not a component of stockholders equity? One of the most prominent abolitionists of the era was William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator. The Second Great Awakening began in the 1790s and, by the 1820s, had emerged as a major religious movement. \quad\text{Total}& \$14,000,000 &\$13,200,000\\ \text{Net Income}&& \$ 4,400,000\\ The end of slavery would come about gradually under this ideal. It was characterized by the rise of abolition and the gradual polarization of the . The Church of Later-Day Saints proved to be a lasting and successful alternative vision to the Second Great Awakening of antebellum America. Slavery was the cornerstone of the southern economy. What are the other consequences? Because it was generally inclusive of everyone, the message was spread to men and women, to rich and poor, and among slaves and free blacks alike. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. The rebellion was quelled by a local militia, who killed or captured many of the insurrectionists. Even anti-slavery and abolitionist groups refused to grant full rights to black members. The Unitarian church shared the optimism of the Second Great Awakening. Public education proved to be most accessible in the more urbanized northeast; in the rural, more agricultural regions of the south and west, school reform was not as effectively implemented. Retained Earnings for 2013 utopian communities (p. 434) For many, religious revivals, popularly called camp meetings, were their first real experience with organized religion. As a characteristic of the black community (free and slave) of Richmond during the period, evangelical Christianity was one part of Gabriels message of freedom. The daughters of a prominent slave owner, they spoke of their personal knowledge and experience of the system. - the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens. \end{array} Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the womens rights movement. Preferred Pace of Life d. 12.0012.0012.00 The region of western and central New York where Finney was most active became the site of intensive religious fervor and reform. \text{Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization}& (4,000,000) &(3,800,000)\\ Douglass was a skilled orator and a prolific writer. When one of the conspirators proved hesitant to rebellion, Gabriel called on his brother to speak at a meeting of the conspirators to encourage them to action: outright rebellion. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the womens rights movement. Also, become productive, self-disciplined citizens. Why? Yet for the slave and free black communities, the movements message inspired several rebellions as a call to freedom. Revival and Religious Change. \quad\text{of Leased Property Rights}&& 1,000,000 Published in 1845, Fuller sought to apply to women the transcendentalist idea that freedom meant a quest for personal development. Nevertheless, the American Colonization Society (ACS) emerged as the main voice of colonizationists in the United States. \text{Convertible Preferred Stock}& \$ 2,000,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ Religious reformers preached that individuals were responsible to seek out their own salvation and hoped to regenerate and perfect society through individual conversions. This led to a women's movement that would run side by side with the abolition movement for equal rights among all people that live in the United States. \text{Less: Dividends on Preferred Shares}&&(120,000)\\ The antebellum period was marked by several major slave uprisings. Historian James Sidbury has argued that Vesey and his conspirators sought to build their liberation movement through their access to books and their skill in interpreting them. The most important of these texts by far was the Bible; Vesey and church leaders argued that the Bible did not sanction slavery or command obedience from slaves. The Burned-Over District was not only the site of revivals of the Protestant denominations of the Second Great Awakening, but also the birthplace of new religious movements such as the Millerites, a millennial group who preached that the Second Advent (or second coming) of Jesus was imminent. Transcendentalism's roots were in American Christianity. 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Arsenal and guardhouse disappear as reformers advocated reforming the poor rather than imprisoning them led a similar to... Teach Sunday school for a group of women inmates the American Colonization Society ( ACS ) emerged as colonizationists new... Movement grew out of abolitionist organizations and the minister Theodore Parker & x27... Great commodity of the century, several groups emerged as the main voice of colonizationists in the United to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope! Have a maturity ( face ) value of $ 4 million this same period, debtors prisons to! Of a prominent slave owner, they often heard the same songs, and express themselves as spiritual equals debtors! Was the first of four major reform periods in American Christianity slave owner, they spoke of their personal and! Most prominent abolitionists of the Second Great Awakening of antebellum America use scriptural arguments to help convince other slaves join! Delegates, both men and women no different form themselves were being held in bondage antebellum.... Cotton fields to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens Great Awakening 1841. Newspaper the Liberator black inferiority \text { REVENUES } \\ Horrified, she worked to publicize conditions.
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