The blond paint balanced the walnut . [137] Increasingly, he began to discuss the Apocalypse,[138] comparing the Earth to an overgrown garden that was to be recycled or rebooted and humanity to a failed experiment. But most of the men were not interested in having the surgery done., This message on the Heaven's Gate website announces that members of the cult will soon be leaving for another dimension, as triggered by the appearance of the Hale-Bopp comet. [29] They usually stayed at remote campgrounds and did not speak about their beliefs. The group needed a sign from above, however, and found it in comet Hale-Bopp, which appeared in the sky in 1996 and burned brightly overhead in early 1997. [149][150] This series echoed many of the teachings of the 1988 update, although it introduced a "universal mind" of which its hearers could partake. [27] While jailed, he pondered theology and subsequently abandoned discussion of occult topics in favor of extraterrestrials and evolution. Marshall Herff Applewhite Jr. (May 17, 1931 - March 26, 1997), also known as Do, [1] among other names, [2] was an American cult leader who founded what became known as the Heaven's Gate religious group and organized their mass suicide in 1997, claiming the lives of 39 people. [2] He then taught at the University of Alabama (UA). The Houston football program has a new head coach, as the school announced that offensive coordinator Major Applewhite has been promoted effective . The pair subsisted solely on bread rolls at times, often camped out, and sometimes did not pay their lodging bills. [41] In February 1973, Applewhite and Nettles resolved to travel to teach others about their beliefs and drove throughout the Western U.S.;[42][43][44] Lifton describes their travels as a "restless, intense, often confused, peripatetic spiritual journey". On January 8, 2015, Applewhite was hired by the University of Houston to be the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach under new head coach Tom Herman for the Houston Cougars football program. American religious leader who founded what became known as the Heaven's Gate religious group and organized their mass suicide in 1997, Born on May 17, 1931 [107] Lalich sees this as a way that they increased their students' devotion, ensuring that their commitment became irrespective of what they saw. [154] By this time, Applewhite did not regiment his disciples' lives as strictly as he had and spent less time with them. It was that journey that apparently led to what happened inside a million-dollar house in Rancho Santa Fe, Calif., where the bodies of 39 cult members, who had committed suicide, were found on Wednesday. Marshall Herff Applewhite was an American religious leader who founded what became known as the Heavens Gate religious group and organized their mass suicide in 1997. [64], Benjamin E.Zeller, an academic who studies new religions, notes that Applewhite and Nettles' teachings focused on salvation through individual growth and sees this as similar to currents in the era's New Age movement. [43][44] At a meeting in Oregon in September 1975, they had further recruitment successabout 30 people left their homes to follow the pair, prompting interest from media outlets. [92] Increasingly, they emphasized that they were the only source of truththe idea that members could receive individual revelations was rejected in an attempt to prevent schisms. Marshall Applewhite. These vacations were intended to placate families by demonstrating that the disciples remained with the group of their own accord. Reactions: Jassid82. They gained only one convert. is major applewhite related to marshall applewhite . They wore Nike shoes and black uniforms with patches that read "Heaven's Gate Away Team". [43] Most were well versed in New Age teachings, allowing Applewhite and Nettles to convert them easily. [165][166] He also cited a verse in the New Testament that said there would not be marriage in heaven. [177] Most members took barbiturates and alcohol and then placed bags over their heads. [143] In addition, he stated that evil extraterrestrials, whom he referred to as "Luciferians", sought to thwart his mission. [105] They were only allowed short stays and were instructed to tell their families that they were studying computers at a monastery. [34] To their dismay, these ideas were poorly received. [11] He was a baritone singer and enjoyed spirituals and the music of Handel. Zeller notes that this naturally ensured no possibility of the group's continuing if Applewhite were to die. [105] He argued that many prominent moral teachers and advocates of political correctness were actually Luciferians. This wasnt supposed to happen. [99] To his followers, he did not seem dictatorial:[100] many of them found him laid back and fatherly. [23] The president of the university later recalled that Applewhite was often mentally jumbled and disorganized near the end of his employment. Some commentators attributed his followers' willingness to commit suicide to his skill as a manipulator, while others argued that their willingness was due to their faith in the narrative that he constructed. It was during the last six minutes when Applewhite fumbled on their last possession losing the game for the Longhorns. In 2013, he was the co-offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach at the University of Texas . [139] In accordance with the garden metaphor, he stated that the Earth would be "spaded under". [69] They came from a variety of religious backgrounds, including Eastern religions and Scientology. [145] The mailing contained information about their history and advised people to read several books, which primarily focused on Christian history and UFOs. vice grip garage jessica bieri. His near miracle comeback, combined with Simms' injury, earned him the starting position for his final game at Texas, the 2001 Holiday Bowl and he didn't disappoint. Last season, Applewhite was instrumental in helping Jalen Tolbert earn the Sun Belt Conference Offensive Player of the Year honors, the first for a Jag, as Tolbert led the conference in catches, receiving yards, receiving yards per game and yards per reception - ranking third in . In 1972, Applewhite developed a close friendship with Bonnie Nettles, a nurse; together, they discussed mysticism at length and concluded that they were called as divine messengers. [187], Although many popular commentators, including psychologist Margaret Singer,[188] speculate that Applewhite brainwashed his followers, many academics have rejected the "brainwashing" label as an oversimplification that does not express the nuances of the process by which the followers were influenced. JagsFB_Recruits@southalabama.edu. [136][156], In the early 1990s, Applewhite posted some of his teachings on the Internet, but he was stung by the resulting criticism. Houston's success starts on offense, where it ranked 15th in passing and 21st in scoring . [9] [10] Early in his seminary studies, Applewhite decided to leave the school to pursue a career in music, becoming the music director of a Presbyterian church in North Carolina. [144] This theme emerged in 1988, possibly in response to the lurid alien abduction stories that were proliferating at the time. [197], While covering the suicides, several media outlets focused on Applewhite's sexuality;[198] the New York Post dubbed him "the Gay Guru". Born Marshall Herff APPLEWHITE American religious leader who founded what became known as the Heaven's Gate religious group and organized their mass suicide in 1997 Born on May 17, 1931 in Spur, Texas, USA , United States Died on March 26, 1997 in Rancho Santa Fe, California, USA Born on May 17 38 Deceased on March 26 44 Family tree Report an error [122], Religious scholar Catherine Wessinger posits that the suicides began on March22. [164] In Applewhite's view, sexuality was one of the most powerful forces that bound humans to their bodies and thus hindered their efforts to evolve to the Next Level; he taught that Next Level beings had no reproductive organs, but that Luciferian beings had genders. Articles. In 1985, Nettles died of liver cancer, forcing Applewhite to take charge of the theological direction of the movement (only later renamed "Heaven's Gate . 830A-Hazardous Material Control Management Technician. [83] Applewhite and Nettles later explained to their followers that the former's treatment by the press was a form of assassination and had fulfilled their prophecy. (Courtesy of HBO Max). [57] They initially named their organization the Anonymous Sexaholics Celibate Church, but it soon became known as the Human Individual Metamorphosis. Marshall Herff Applewhite Jr. (May17, 1931 March 26, 1997), also known as Do,[a] among other names,[b] was an American cult leader who founded what became known as the Heaven's Gate cult group and organized their mass suicide in 1997. Mobile Homes For Rent In Goodlettsville, Tn, [70] Applewhite thought that his followers would reach a higher level of being, changing like a caterpillar becoming a butterfly;[71] this example was used in almost all of the group's early literature. By the mid-1990s, cult membership had dwindled and efforts to recruit others -- via a website, radio interviews and other methods -- were finding little success. The pair subsisted solely on bread rolls at times, often camped out, and sometimes did not pay their lodging bills. [54] They had about 70followers and saw themselves as shepherds tending a flock. At this point, the docuseries indicates, Applewhite had his fateful encounter with Nettles. [102] He also watched science fiction television programs with the rest of the group. [39][40] The pair closed these businesses a short time later. He was birthing students into the next level., Marshall Applewhite, the leader of the Heaven's Gate cult, was a former music instructor at the University of Alabama. "[73][74] He emphasized to his early followers that he was not speaking metaphorically, often using the words "biology" and "chemistry" in his statements. Applewhite led Texas to two Big 12 Championship games, to victory in 2 Bowl games, and set 48 school records along the way. "[15] Alabama, however, then lost the last four games of the season, including a shocking 21-14 loss to Louisiana-Monroe. [201] Lifton compares Applewhite to Shoko Asahara, the founder of Aum Shinrikyo, describing him as "equally controlling, his paranoia and megalomania gentler yet ever present". [52] At these events, they purported to represent beings from another planet, the Next Level, who sought participants for an experiment. Tap To Call Us. [35] Raine writes that Nettles "was responsible for reinforcing his emerging delusional beliefs",[36] but psychiatrist Robert Jay Lifton speculates that Nettles' influence helped him avoid further psychological deterioration. Early Life. [14][31] By that time, he had begun to investigate alternatives to traditional Christian doctrine, including astrology. [201] Lifton compares Applewhite to Shoko Asahara, the founder of Aum Shinrikyo, describing him as "equally controlling, his paranoia and megalomania gentler yet ever present". [13] Applewhite lost his position there after pursuing a sexual relationship with a male student;[14] his religious education was likely not supportive of same-sex relationships and he was subsequently frustrated by his sexual desires. [195] He notes that Applewhite's condemnations of contemporary culture bear similarities to those of Jean Baudrillard at times, particularly their shared nihilist views. [37] Christopher Partridge of Lancaster University states that Applewhite and Nettles were similar to John Reeve and Lodowicke Muggleton, who founded Muggletonianism, a millennialist movement in 17th century England. jonathan jones obituary; Get to know us . The university froze Applewhite's salary from Feb. 5, 2009 -- almost immediately upon learning of the behavior and discussing it with Applewhite -- until Jan. 1, 2010. Cult", "Cult Leader's Son Apologizes to Families Who Lost Loved Ones", INFORM (Information Network Focus on Religious Movements), Academic study of new religious movements, Religious discrimination against Neopagans, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marshall_Applewhite&oldid=1128076623, American members of the clergy convicted of crimes, Converts to new religious movements from Christianity, People extradited within the United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Use shortened footnotes from November 2022, Pages using infobox person with multiple parents, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 December 2022, at 07:12. They then spent $30,000 to publish a full-page advertisement in USA Today that warned of catastrophic judgment to befall the Earth. Marshall Applewhite didnt like his homosexuality, so he created a myth around that piece that he didnt like, a former cult member says in the docuseries. [171] In addition, he stated that his deceased followers would be taken by the vessel, as well, a belief that resembled the Christian pretribulation rapture doctrine. The Jaguars played their home games at Hancock Whitney Stadium in Mobile . [193] Richard Hecht of the University of California, Santa Barbara, echoes this sentiment, arguing that members of the group killed themselves because they believed the narrative that he had constructed, rather than because he psychologically controlled them. [108] Members became desperate for Applewhite's approval, which he used to control them. Applewhite was enlisted in the Army in 1954 and served in the Army Signal Corps in New Mexico and Austria. Records may include photos, original documents, family history, relatives, specific dates, locations and full names. The leader of the #HTownTakeover's offense the past two years, Major Applewhite has been named the 14th head coach of the University of Houston Football program. [77] Members were consequently instructed to renounce: friends, family, media, drugs, alcohol, jewelry, facial hair, and sexuality. In the aftermath, commentators and academics discussed how Applewhite persuaded people to follow his commands, including suicide. [82][d] Balch and Taylor believe that Applewhite's prison experience and early rejection by audiences contributed to this fear. These ideas were expressed with language drawn from Christian eschatology, the New Age movement and American popular culture. He's the key figure in a new docuseries, Heavens Gate: The Cult of Cults, streaming on HBO Max. [99] Students who were not committed to this lifestyle were encouraged to leave; departing members were given financial assistance. In Division I-A schools at the time, Major Applewhite was the youngest offensive coordinator. [109], In 1980, Applewhite and Nettles had about 80followers,[110] many of whom held jobs, often working with computers or as car mechanics. In the early 1990s, the group took more steps to publicize their theology. [142] He specifically cited sexual urges as the work of Lucifer. Applewhite attended Corpus Christi High School and Austin College; at the latter school, he was active in several student organizations and was moderately religious. He was a self-proclaimed prophet, drawing rhetoric from science fiction and scripture. While at Texas, the undersized Applewhite's tenure was noted both for his often gritty heroics as well as his battle for playing time with the heralded blue chip recruit Chris Simms, son of New York Giants legend Phil Simms. [111] Applewhite now believed that Nettles was aboard a spaceship trailing the comet, and that she planned to rendezvous with them. [34] Applewhite permanently broke off contact with his family as well. [169] Around the same time, they learned of the approach of Comet HaleBopp. [175] Applewhite recorded a video shortly before his death, in which he termed the suicides the "final exit" of the group and remarked, "We do in all honesty hate this world". [127] Applewhite then decided that an opportunity existed for humans to reach the Next Level "every two millennia", and the early 1990s would therefore provide the first opportunity to reach the Kingdom of Heaven since the time of Jesus. [113], In the late 1980s, the group kept a low profile; few people knew it still existed. The crimes landed Applewhite in prison for six months, but while incarcerated, his ideas only evolved. [44][160] They purchased 40 acres (16 hectares) and built a compoundwhich they referred to as the "Earth ship"using tires and lumber;[161] Applewhite hoped to establish a monastery. Marshall had recorded a video shortly before his passing, in which he rambled about UFO's and his beliefs, saying that these suicides were the "final exit" of his group . They were led by head coach Kane Wommack, who is coaching his third season with the team. [137] Increasingly, he began to discuss the Apocalypse,[138] comparing the Earth to an overgrown garden that was to be recycled or rebooted and humanity to a failed experiment. [66] Janja Lalich, a sociologist who studies cults, attributes their recruitment success to their eclectic mix of beliefs and the way that they deviated from typical New Age teachings: discussing literal spaceships while retaining familiar language. [112], In 1983, Nettles had an eye surgically removed as a result of cancer diagnosed several years earlier. His father was a Presbyterian Church minister. It's the first head coaching job for the 38-year-old Applewhite, who served as Herman's offensive . [104], In the late 1970s, the group received a large sum of money, possibly an inheritance of a member or donations of followers' income. In 1972, Applewhite developed a close friendship with Bonnie Nettles, a nurse; together, they discussed mysticism at length and concluded that they were called as divine messengers. [135] One member who joined in the mid-1980s recalled that Applewhite avoided new converts, worrying that they were infiltrators. The son of a Presbyterian minister, Applewhite became very religious as a child. It is the largest mass suicide to occur inside the U.S. [1]. [27][44] One of their friends from Houston corresponded with them and accepted their teachings. [112] They further relaxed their control in 1983, permitting their followers to visit relatives on Mother's Day. [89] In June 1976, they gathered their remaining followers at Medicine Bow National Forest in southeastern Wyoming, promising a UFO visit. [157] That year, he first spoke of the possibility of suicide as a way to reach the Next Level. Bruce talks about Applewhite's time at UA in "Heaven's Gate: The Cult of Cults. [200], Lalich states that Applewhite fit "the traditional view of a charismatic leader",[31] and Evan Thomas deems him a "master manipulator". [105] They were only allowed short stays and were instructed to tell their families that they were studying computers at a monastery. Three assistants helped him commit suicide, then killed themselves. According to the docuseries, members of the group laid down their vehicles in three shifts on March 23, with each shift cleaning up after the preceding one. In 1996, they learned of the approach of Comet HaleBopp and rumors of an accompanying spaceship, concluding that this was the vessel that would take their spirits on board for a journey to another planet. Major Applewhite's great uncle, Marshall Applewhite, taught music at the University of Alabama. [134], In the wake of Nettles' death, Applewhite became increasingly paranoid, fearing a conspiracy against his group. Please try again. Ltd. is an experienced supplier exporter of Aluminium Foils and Aluminium Foil Containers, Plot No. In practice, this made their followers completely dependent upon them. [114][115] He began identifying her as "the Father" and often referred to her with male pronouns. Marshall Herff Applewhite Jr. (17 Mei 1931 - 22 Maret 1997; dikenal juga dengan nama Bo atau Do di antara nama-namanya yang lain) adalah seorang pemimpin sekte yang didirikannya di Amerika yang kemudian dikenal sebagai kelompok sekte Heaven's Gate serta pengorganisir bunuh diri massal pengikut sekte tersebut pada tahun 1997. [23], In early 2013, Applewhite admitted he was disciplined by the University of Texas for "having an inappropriate relationship with a student at the 2009 Fiesta Bowl. 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