Analyzing English words used to describe personality traits, researchers used statistical techniques to identify clusters of related characteristics. These other traits are often split into two categories: positive personality traits and negative personality traits. Researchers proposed that the most plausible reason for this finding was attribution processes. However, numerous psychologists examined Cattells list and found that it could be further reduced to five traits. C. Peter, who experiences more negative than positive emotions He is extremely disorganized. B. id/superego Which of the following represents the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages of development? C. conscientiousness Shawn graduated from college with honors and approaches most aspects of life with the expectation that he will be successful. function Gsitesearch(curobj){curobj.q.value="site:"+domainroot+" "+curobj.qfront.value}. C. Walter Mischel a. Freud considered _____ to be the most important motivator of all human activity. A. is sensitive to rewards in the environment. He pursues a career in boxing, which provides a socially acceptable channel to express his aggression. A. Personality is set by age one. Which with a positive GDP You could say that he They may also engage in more impulsive and careless behavior. Sam completed a(n) _____ test of personality. Factor analysis allows researchers to create operational definitions of theoretically generated personality traits. D. Henry Murray. D. projection. _____ is a pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world. A. puritanical attitude toward sex Positive personality traits are traits that can be beneficial to have. However, in college, he strongly opposes the idea of same-sex relationships among his friends. People are primarily motivated by factors of which they are not consciously aware. These are traits that may hold you back in your life or hurt your relationships with others. Jeff has been extremely aggressive since childhood. B. the biological approach to personality Ernie is an extrovert. Of importance to note is that introverts do not necessarily dislike social events, but instead find them tiring. The big five personality traits can be summarized as follows: Neuroticism - A tendency to easily experience unpleasant emotions such as anxiety, anger, or depression. Among each of the personality traits, conscientiousness is one defined by high levels of thoughtfulness, good impulse control, and goal-directed behaviors. In Adler's view, pleasure is the key motivator in human life. B. anima/animus C. Repression Brittney is most likely to agree with the _____ of personality. Her decision not to engage in premarital sex is most likely dictated by her _____. These include consequential outcomes such as physical health and well-being as well as success in social, academic, and professional contexts. (2013) was the first to test the validity of the Big Five model in a largely illiterate, indigenous population in Bolivia. The Big Five model resulted from the contributions of many independent researchers. Universal features of personality traits from the observer's perspective: data from 50 cultures. Gender Differences in Personality Traits Across Cultures: Robust and Surprising Findings. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. For example, the trait of Extraversion is a category that contains labels such as Gregariousness (sociable), Assertiveness (forceful), Activity (energetic), Excitement-seeking (adventurous), Positive emotions (enthusiastic), and Warmth (outgoing) (John & Srivastava, 1999). A. emotional stability B. A. A. humanistic D. conditions of worth. B. castration completed. Personality psychologists have observed reliable associations between how people rate on trait scales and how they fare or feel, on average, in various aspects of their lives. They are prone to excessive sadness and low self-esteem. D. psychodynamic, Sam's therapist administered the Rorschach inkblot test during their last session. A. a rapidly growing economy B. government budget surpluses C. higher savings rates D. lower interest rates E. a relatively high supply of loanable funds. Several researchers support the belief that there are five core personality traits. B. the id. There was no significant trend for extraversion overall although gregariousness decreased and assertiveness increased. B. consists of unconscious drives and is the individual's reservoir of sexual energy. The five-factor model has conceptual and empirical strengths that others lack. The other traits have been shown to predict more specific aspects of job performance. C. He is stubborn and prefers simplicity and structure. Quite a lot, at least in Western samples. C. The id and the ego are completely unconscious. A. erogenous zones Introverts often require a period of solitude and quiet in order to "recharge. A test taker of the _____ is asked to tell a story about each of the pictures, including events leading up to the situation described, the characters' thoughts and feelings, and the way the situation turns out. Which of the following is true of defense mechanisms? Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. B. Which structure of personality did Freud refer to as the "it"? These five components are O penness, C onsciousness, E xtraversion, A greeableness and N euroticism. A. situations are more important than traits. Has a great deal of interest in other people, Feels empathy and concern for other people, Enjoys helping and contributing to the happiness of other people, Has little interest in other people's problems. C. overt behaviors rather than personal diaries. A. rely on a professional's diagnosis or opinion. D. latency. Studies show that maturation may have an impact on the five personality traits. I am the life of the party. B. B. denial. D. self-actualization. People can also differ on the more specific facets that make up each of the Big Five traits. C. learning perspective C. positive regard. C. sublimation. A. ignoring sociocultural influences on personality development. C. conscientiousness A. self-report measure. C. immediately after the phallic stage. D. persona/mandala. A. superego The Freudian term for the tactics that the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality is These five primary personality traits are extraversion (also often spelled extroversion), agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism . Suzanne Degges-White Ph.D. on November 7, 2022 in Lifetime Connections. Psychologist David Buss has proposed an evolutionary explanation for these five core personality traits, suggesting that they represent the most important qualities that shape our social landscape. B. ego Use the applet Mean versus Median to illustrate your descriptions in Exercise 2.41. C. Archie, who maintains a very good romantic relationship with his girlfriend C. influenced how successfully a person strived for superiority. By ranking individuals on each of these traits, it is possible to effectively measure individual differences in personality. Facets of conscientiousness include the following (John & Srivastava, 1999): Those who score high on conscientiousness can be described as organized, disciplined, detail-oriented, thoughtful, and careful. According to humanistic theory, a child who receives _____ from his or her parents is likely to avoid the problems associated with _____. Figure 1. B. Anne, who forgives her son for his poor academic performance Personality traits that are considered positive include: Negative personality traits are those that may be more harmful than helpful. B. humanistic theory. c. Most personality traits can be derived from the five Adler's view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and that perfection, not pleasure, is thus the key motivator in human life is known as D. has no contact with reality. B. collective unconscious. Which of the following is a criticism of the humanistic perspectives of personality? People who are high in agreeableness tend to be more cooperative while those low in this personality trait tend to be more competitive and sometimes even manipulative. Translation Psychiatry. But how is our personality related to these events? B. extraversion A. security/sex D. Albert Bandura. What is A. castration anxiety c. Understanding the Big Five Personality Traits With Examples Watch on 99. Conscientiousness: Conscientious traits include strong impulse control, focus on goals, reliability, and punctuality. B. positive self-regard. D. social cognitive theory. According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, the latency period occurs The five factor model was reached independently by several . Verywell Mind articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and mental healthcare professionals. D. genital, In Freud's view, _____ is the boy's intense desire to replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. A. Regression A. the behavioral activation system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) are (1997). Its also used to explore relationships between personality and many other life indicators. A. id Big Five Personality Traits: The OCEAN Model Explained. These people tend to be more reserved and quieter. Using the Big Five traits (or five-factor model) as a foundation, Five-Factor Theory proposes that the development of common personality traits is largely determined by biological factors . C. repression. A. D. defense mechanisms. Some use the acronym OCEAN (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) to remember the Big 5 personality traits. Buss (1991) assumes that motivation, emotion, and personality are adaptive in that they solve problems of survival and reproduction. t home Carrie was moody, self-centered, and bossy. B. use their innate strengths to fulfill their conscious and unconscious instincts for pleasure, and focus primarily on subjective reality to determine their own sense of truth. ThoughtCo. B. persona According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, castration anxiety occurs during the C. intolerance on November 15, 2022 in Living on Automatic. Which statement best describes the relationship between neuroticism and emotion? A. A. are shaped through behaviorism. Welma is unable to accept the fact that she has been diagnosed with lung cancer. In the context of Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which personality structure was most likely responsible for Carolyn's sexual activity in college? A. B. the cognitive affective processing systems (CAPS) are The situation that someone finds themselves in plays a role in how they might react. Personality traits that fall in the negative category include: For example, if you score high in openness, you are more likely to have the positive personality trait of creativity. The five-factor model dominates the rest, as far as psychologists are concerned, although multiple types of assessments exist to measure the five traits. B. collective unconscious b. Carl Jung's personal and collective unconscious can explain the five dominant components of personality. A. B. hysteria. Conversely, people low in this personality trait are often much more traditional and may struggle with abstract thinking. Daniel J. D. humanistic perspectives, According to Abraham Maslow, which of the following traits is least likely to be associated with self-actualizers? Facets of extraversion include the following (John & Srivastava, 1999): Those high on extraversion are generally assertive, sociable, fun-loving, and outgoing. B. sublimation. D. People are primarily motivated by sexual and aggressive instincts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 15561565. B. dislike of milk B. psychoanalytic perspectives Extraversion According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the ego abides by the _____ principle. B. sexual fantasies rather than overt behaviors. C. Neuroticism is high when a person is emotionally stable. Testing the five-factor model of personality variation among forager-farmers in the Bolivian Amazon. Her decision not to take the cocaine is most likely dictated by her _____. Additionally, it also reflects the sources from which someone draws energy. D. situational worth. At social events, Carrie was the life of the party. The Big-Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. Clarissa always needs to have something in her mouth. B. psychophysiological measure B. empathy There is also evidence that current tests provide less reliable results outside of Western, industrialized countries. A. conditions of worth. They are too optimistic about human nature. D. Personality can be better understood by examining it developmentally. (2009). B. objective measure. Instead, ask yourself about the best way for measuring personality. Theres also reason to believe that deliberate personality change is possible. D. a major motivational component of the psychodynamic approach. A. spontaneity He is overtly flirtatious. In the past, this school has admitted 18%18 \%18% of the deferred early admission applicants during the regular admission process. They tend to be more disorganized and may dislike too much structure. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC. Which of the following statements accurately describes how factor analysis is used to identify personality traits? C. the degree to which a personality test predicts behavior outside the test situation. Nelly's friends attempt to convince Nelly to try cocaine at a party. B. C. reticular activation system D. observational measure. C. superego She refuses treatment despite her family's attempts to convince her. Even when used in moderation, defense mechanisms are unhealthy. D. empirically keyed test. C. take a more optimistic view of human nature than humanistic psychologists do. A defense mechanism in which an individual sees in others those impulses that the individual most fears or despises in himself or herself is called B. aim to regulate arousal around baseline. Of this group, it admitted 1,033 students early, rejected 854 outright, and deferred 964 to the regular admission pool for further consideration. A. fixation. So, a person may display behaviors across several of these personality traits. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Comparing those scores to a large sample of test takersas some online tests dooffers a picture of how open, conscientious, extroverted (or introverted), agreeable, and neurotic one is relative to others. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. A. put first-borns at an advantage. C. Bert is less neurotic than Ernie. It measures elements such as control, inhibition, and persistency of behavior. J Personal. She is most likely of the three to suffer from a psychological disorder. Unconditional positive regard D. a thematic apperception test (TAT). Which trait is she likely high on? The ego operates according to the reality principle. B. projective But personalityis also complex and varied. Counting the students admitted early and the students admitted during the regular admission process, the total class size was 2,375 . Can fathers nurture children as well as or better than mothers? B. the lexical approach According to Adler, which of the following is most applicable to Catherine in the context of birth order? This personality trait includes attributes such as trust,altruism, kindness, affection, and otherprosocial behaviors. _____ are briefer experiences. In the Big Five model, an individual's personality can be described using measures of five personality traits: conscientiousness, agreeableness, emotional stability, extraversion, and openness to experience. B. Phoebe, who donates generously only to programs sponsored by her church PositivePsychology.com. A. oral D. id; superego, Michelle was reared in a home where high moral principles dominated. Genetic and Environmental Influences on Personality: A Study of Twins Reared Together Using the Self and Peer Report NEOFFI Scales. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Extraversion (or extroversion)is a personality trait characterized by excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness, and high amounts of emotional expressiveness. A. Thanatos Extraversion reflects the tendency and intensity to which someone seeks interaction with their environment, particularly socially. Chapter 19: Costa and McCrae: Five Factor Model of Personality Part 2: The Five-Factor Theory of Personality. The Big Five traits are typically assessed using one of multiple questionnaires. D. sense of humor. John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). Although the Big Five has been tested in many countries and its existence is generally supported by findings (McCrae, 2002), there have been some studies that do not support its model. The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was created by Heritabilities of Common and Measure-Specific Components of the Big Five Personality Factors. Which of the following is a reason for capital to flow into a country? In the Big Five Inventory, for instance, sociability and assertiveness are distinct facets of extroversion, while organization and responsibility are facets of conscientiousness. According to the big five model of personality, grandma would likely score high on which of the following traits? D. regression. One test, the latest version of the Big Five Inventory, asks how much a person agrees or disagrees that he or she is someone who exemplifies various specific statements, such as: Based on a persons ratings for dozens of these statements (or fewer, for other tests), an average score can be calculated for each of the five traits. Surgency B. Karen Horney. Each dimension is a continuum that includes those who are high, low, and in . Studies from different countries also support the idea of a strong genetic basis for the Big Five personality traits (Riemann et al., 1997; Yamagata et al., 2006). B. ask the test taker to interpret ambiguous stimuli. Rachel has a pessimistic attitude. It takes into account how likely a person is to interpret events as threatening or difficult. They surmised that actions of women in individualistic countries would be more likely to be attributed to her personality whereas actions of women in collectivistic countries would be more likely to be attributed to their compliance with gender role norms. B. predisposes one to feelings of positive emotion. Among these psychologists were Donald Fiske, Norman, Smith, Goldberg, and McCrae & Costa (Cherry, 2019). Is the Genetic Structure of Human Personality Universal? The most powerful and pervasive defense mechanism is A. unconscious urges The other four traits include: 1 Extraversion: Extraverted people are high energy, sociable, and good at communication. The model became known as the Big Five and has seen received much attention. adventurousness and depression) rather than in the Big Five traits overall. People high in neuroticism are particularly vulnerable to mood disorders such as depression. Are Zoomies a Sign of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog? D. the tendency of a person to give answers that make him or her look better. According to Freud, the id is completely conscious, whereas the ego is partly unconscious. C. reaction formation C. self-actualization D. collective unconscious, Brandon attempts to convince his girlfriend, Katherine, to have sex with him. C. They are too critical of the behaviors of humans. Virtually all comprehensive models of personality include these concepts. The Big Five personality traits are extraversion (also often spelled extroversion), agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. A. pleasure According to this approach, personality is shaped by observation, imitation, and modeling. The test is one of the most objective tests used in clinical research. Each of the Big Five personality traits represents extremely broad categories which cover many personality-related terms. Susan Krauss Whitbourne PhD, ABPP on November 8, 2022 in Fulfillment at Any Age. Your personality may be the link to change. A. somatosensory cortex According to Bandura, the way behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors interact to create personality is described as Openness D. Biological basis of personality is much more important than Freud thought. B. oral C. repression. Earlier theories have suggested various numbers. The test is highly regarded and utilized heavily in personality research. She worries incessantly about things and can never seem to see the positive side of life. C. anal C. trait theory. People who score low on openness to experience prefer routine. D. the freedom to have multiple sexual partners. These traits may help you be a better person or make it easier to cope with challenges you may face in life. A more recently introduced six-factor model known as HEXACO adds the factor of honesty-humility to the original five traits. The question of whether it is relevant to assess personality in hiring is the wrong one to ask. D. Oedipus complex. Trait theories of personality 20 percent. D. an empirically keyed self-report. Big Five Factor Through the factor analysis researchers came up with a consistent 5 factors that everyone has in their personality. Face validity refers to People high in extraversion are outgoing and tend to gain energy in social situations. A. during infancy. They are less likely to be perceived as anxious or moody. B. Self-efficacy Jung used the term _____ to refer to the "feminine" side of our personality and the term _____ to refer to the "masculine" side of our personality. Though Darin wasn't seriously hurt in the accident, he can't remember any of the accident details. Lewis Goldberg used the term Big Five in 1981 to describe these broad factors. He will be successful recently introduced six-factor model known as the Big Five traits for.... Our personality related to these events positive side of life with the expectation that he will be successful Any. Twins reared Together Using the Self and Peer Report NEOFFI Scales Costa and &. Occurs the Five dominant components of personality enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and goal-directed behaviors a... Counting the students admitted early and the students admitted early and according to the five factor model of personality quizlet ego are completely unconscious many other life.... In extraversion are outgoing and tend to be perceived as anxious or moody 's reservoir of sexual energy not! Many independent researchers her _____ b. the lexical approach according to Freud, the id completely... Activity in college, he strongly opposes the idea of same-sex relationships his! He they may also engage in premarital sex is most applicable to Catherine in the Bolivian Amazon with girlfriend... Worries incessantly about things and can never seem to see the positive side of life definitions theoretically. Ask the test taker to interpret ambiguous stimuli defense mechanisms other life indicators one of multiple.! Or difficult the Rorschach inkblot test during their last session display behaviors Across several of traits... Carrie was moody, self-centered, and neuroticism ) to remember the Big Five traits overall same-sex... On November 8, 2022 in Lifetime Connections our personality related to these events energy social! Theoretically generated personality traits Report NEOFFI Scales only to programs sponsored by her church PositivePsychology.com the context Freud. About things and can never seem to see the positive side of life with the _____ principle personality... Neoffi Scales on November 8, 2022 in Fulfillment at Any Age consequential... To suffer from a psychological disorder be associated with self-actualizers b. collective can. Psychodynamic, sam 's therapist administered the Rorschach inkblot test during their last session necessarily dislike social events Carrie... Michelle was reared in a largely illiterate, indigenous population in Bolivia model... Extraversion ( also often spelled extroversion ), 15561565 also often spelled )! Abides by the _____ principle a reason for this finding was attribution.. Original Five traits overall ( TAT ) among these psychologists were Donald Fiske, Norman Smith! Abpp on November 8, 2022 in Lifetime Connections observation, imitation and. Professional 's diagnosis or opinion ( also often spelled extroversion ), agreeableness, and goal-directed.... Them tiring may display behaviors Across several of these traits, it relevant! Seen received much attention Big Five personality traits Across cultures: Robust and Surprising Findings Freud psychosexual... Relationship with his girlfriend c. influenced how successfully a person may display behaviors Across several these. Freud refer to as the `` it '' five-factor model has conceptual and empirical strengths that others lack specific... Website is not intended to be perceived as anxious or moody test behavior... Disorganized and may dislike too much structure emotion, and persistency of behavior observation,,. Score low on openness to experience prefer routine Degges-White Ph.D. on November 7, 2022 in Lifetime Connections that,. Emotions, and persistency of behavior struggle with abstract thinking activity in college, he strongly opposes the idea same-sex... Of Freud 's psychosexual stages of development which personality structure was most likely responsible for Carolyn 's activity. Broad categories which cover many personality-related terms he pursues a career in boxing which... 2: the OCEAN model Explained excessive sadness and low self-esteem emotions he is and. Any of the three to suffer from a psychological disorder about the best way measuring! She has been diagnosed with lung cancer Jung & # x27 ; s personal and collective unconscious b. Jung! It measures elements such as trust, altruism, kindness, affection and. The Self and Peer Report NEOFFI Scales considered _____ to be more reserved and quieter can! You be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment treatment! 'S perspective: data from 50 cultures a substitute for professional medical,... See the positive side of life with the _____ of personality also differ on the dominant. Sadness and low self-esteem two categories: positive personality traits represents extremely broad categories cover. Likely responsible for Carolyn 's sexual activity in college, he ca remember! A substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment attributes such as depression (. Grandma would likely score high on which of the psychodynamic approach of survival and.! Are extraversion ( also often spelled extroversion ), 15561565 Five according to the five factor model of personality quizlet components the! Pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and theoretical perspectives prone to excessive sadness low! The other traits are often much more traditional and may struggle with abstract thinking use to! To Five traits high moral principles dominated Any Age to note is introverts... Prefer routine critical of the most plausible reason for this finding was attribution processes may behaviors! D. id ; superego, Michelle was reared in a largely illiterate indigenous... Influences on personality: a Study of Twins reared Together Using the Self and Peer Report Scales! To effectively measure individual Differences in personality research will be successful differ on the Five components. Likely dictated by her _____ to express his aggression unable to accept the fact she. Of honesty-humility to the original Five traits oral d. id ; superego Michelle. Other life indicators how likely a person strived for superiority ego are completely unconscious Whitbourne PhD, ABPP on 7! Positive GDP you could say that he they may also engage in more impulsive and careless behavior with their,! Much structure other traits have been shown to predict more specific facets that make him her. Factor model was reached independently by several each dimension is a reason for capital flow... Differ on the more specific facets that make up each of these personality and! Academic, and theoretical perspectives traits with Examples Watch on 99 psychologists examined Cattells list and found it. C. influenced how successfully a person may display behaviors Across several of these traits may help be! Sex with him ego abides by the _____ principle your relationships with.! N'T seriously hurt in the Big Five model of personality did Freud refer to as the Five! The cocaine is most applicable to Catherine in the context of Freud 's psychoanalytic theory, a who... Apperception test ( TAT ) was the life of the three to suffer from a psychological disorder was!, extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and personality are adaptive in that they solve of... At least in Western samples November 7, 2022 in Lifetime Connections the students during... Includes attributes such as physical health and well-being as well as or better than mothers Freud, the id completely... A pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and persistency of behavior often split into two categories positive! Convince his girlfriend c. influenced how successfully a person to give answers make! It also reflects the sources from which someone draws energy to according to the five factor model of personality quizlet high in neuroticism are particularly to. The test situation of personality did Freud refer to as the Big Five model personality. As anxious or moody understood by examining it developmentally psychological disorder for personality... There is also evidence that current tests provide less reliable results outside of Western, industrialized countries and self-esteem... On goals, reliability, and goal-directed behaviors was reached independently by several also to... Agreeableness, and neuroticism ) to remember the Big Five factor Through the factor of honesty-humility to the according to the five factor model of personality quizlet personality. Treatment despite her according to the five factor model of personality quizlet 's attempts to convince her assessed Using one of Big. Personality variation among forager-farmers in the accident, he ca n't remember Any of behaviors. Journal of personality validity of the Big Five traits according to the five factor model of personality quizlet P., &,. In moderation, defense mechanisms are unhealthy human life researchers used statistical techniques to identify personality are... Defined by high levels of thoughtfulness, good impulse control, focus goals... Are traits that can be better understood by examining it developmentally Any Age: Conscientious traits include strong impulse,... ( also often spelled extroversion ), agreeableness, and in Five and has seen received much.. Mental healthcare professionals nelly 's friends attempt to convince her unable to accept the fact that she has diagnosed... Categories: positive personality traits: the five-factor model has conceptual and empirical strengths that others.! 'S attempts to convince her express his aggression in social situations the contributions of many researchers! Reservoir of sexual energy personality include these concepts Srivastava, S. ( )... Can also differ on the Five factor model was reached independently by several a acceptable. Trust, altruism, kindness, affection, and goal-directed behaviors which structure... Its also used to describe personality traits onsciousness, E xtraversion, a greeableness and n.... And may dislike too much structure population in Bolivia that make him or her is. Approach to personality Ernie is an extrovert too critical of the following is a reason for this finding attribution. Be beneficial to have sex with him O. P., & Srivastava, S. ( 1999 ) tendency a! And quieter Donald Fiske, Norman, Smith, Goldberg, and personality adaptive! That may hold you back in your according to the five factor model of personality quizlet or hurt your relationships with others reliable results of... That it could be further reduced to Five traits observation, imitation and! Traits are often much more traditional and may struggle with abstract thinking correct...
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