Within the standard geographical boundaries, it is comprised of 737 million. In the face of an economic crisis, EU citizens of poorer member countries, such as the Roma of Bulgaria and Romania, often migrate to more developed EU countries in search of work. Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature). 12. Social Sci LibreTexts - Introduction to Europe, National Geographic - Europe: Physical Geography, Europe - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Europe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), China says EU TikTok ban will harm business confidence, What time is it on moon? I think this makes it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. 5. 2. Mountain ranges, such as the Alps and the Carpathian mountains, have a highland climate with large variations according to altitude and latitude. Of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia, although 1 partly sits in Estonia. Population growth in Europe is rather minimal with minimal age comparatively high. The coasts of the northwestern highlandsand in particular the fjords of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise. Greece is well known for the thousands of islands dotting the three seas that surround the country. In 1397, Denmark's Queen Margaret created the Kalmar Union, which included Sweden, Finland, Norway . Read important geography facts about Ireland and information about Ireland's landscapes, topography, and coastline. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. Professor of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs. Iceland and the British Isles are special cases. Above all, in southern EuropeAustria and Switzerland includedlevel, low-lying land is scarce, and mountain, plateau, and hill landforms dominate. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. There is ongoing debate on where the geographical centre of Europe falls. CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. The European Union has 23 official languages, and the continent has more than 60 indigenous languages. For the political geography of Europe, see, Countries consisting solely of islands or parts of islands, Countries bordering or spanning another continent, Countries whose capital is not the most populous, List of countries by the number of other countries they border, Last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks, List of the highest European ultra-prominent peaks, Special member state territories and the European Union, Language facts European day of languages, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Europe&oldid=1140367331, Lower Danubian Plain, between Balkan Mountains and, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57. Looking for interesting facts about Austria? Some of these facts about Europe are newer than others. The boundary continues to the Caspian Sea, the crest of the Caucasus Mountains (or, less commonly, the river Kura in the Caucasus), and on to the Black Sea. Mount Olympus is Greece's highest mountain at 9,570 feet (2,917 meters) above sea level. The program highlights Europes rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties, and brings people of different European backgrounds together. Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. In spite of its internal diversity, Europe has thus functioned, from the time it first emerged in the human consciousness, as a world apart, concentratingto borrow a phrase from Christopher Marloweinfinite riches in a little room.. Fr die fehlerfreie Verwendung der CORDIS-Website muss JavaScript aktiviert sein. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. The major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex, and the Barents Sea. Indeed, Turkey has sought membership in the European Union (EU), and the Republic of Cyprus joined the organization in 2004. The word democracy has Greek roots: demos-, meaning people, and -kratos, meaning power. Prominent Greek philosophers, such as Socrates and Plato, discussed democratic ideals in their writings. It was clear as well that a succession of climates, markedly different from those of the Mediterranean borderlands, were to be experienced as Europe was penetrated from the south. Some of these concepts include the idea of an elected Senate and the stationing of military troops outside a countrys home region.World War I and World War II dramatically affected the political geography of Europe. Glaciation is the process of land being transformed by glaciers or ice sheets. Many of Europe's fjords are located in Iceland and Scandinavia.North European PlainThe North European Plain extends from the southern United Kingdom east to Russia. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). Early Europeans, in fact, shaped global ideas of citizenship and government. By the 7th and 8th centuries, Sweden was known for its trade but in the 9th century, the Vikings raided the region and much of Europe. Furthermore, the Mediterranean coastlands of North Africa and southwestern Asia also exhibit some European physical and cultural affinities. The Central Powers (led by the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire) fell to the forces of the Allied Powers (led by the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire). Automobile companies such as BMW, Mercedes, and Audi are known throughout the world for creating cars with dynamic designs and an engaging driving experience. Most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape. The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. The name Europe, or Europa, is believed to be of Greek origin, as it is the name of a princess in Greek mythology. Critics argue the move was racist.Future IssuesAn important predictor of Europes political and economic future is its efforts to minimize the effects of climate change.Europe is often seen as a world leader in environmentally friendly technologies and legislation. It happens to be the longest river in Europe and covers 3,692 km/ 2,295 miles long. A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with . Si prega di abilitare JavaScript. These journeys varied in length, depending on the migration patterns of specific reindeer herds. Europe is home to the birthplace of democracy and Western culture in the ancient civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. Fewer than a million people are fluent in Romansch. Among the continents, Europe is an anomaly. From the smallest town in the world to the biggest church on earth, and from a knighted penguin to a country free of mosquitoes, there are hundreds of random and fun facts about Europe. Europe's highest peak, Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters (18,510 feet), is in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia. The continent, excluding Russia, contains less than one-tenth of the total population of the world, but in general its people are well educated and highly skilled. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Routes detour around, or seek gaps through, those uplandswhose German appellation, Horst (thicket), recalls their still wooded character, while their coal basins give them great economic importance. The 15 rivers of Europe by average discharge, including only rivers directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins: Aegean Islands, land, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus (Adjacent to Asia), Fyn, Faroe Islands, Gotland, Great Britain, Hinnya, Iceland, Ionian Islands, Ireland, Malta, North Jutlandic Island, Saaremaa, Sardinia, Senja, Sicily, Svalbard and Zealand. Imperialism is a policy that has been used throughout history, most notably by European powers and the United States. The Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles conclude the Asian boundary. The gods could both reward and punish travelers and traders with favorable or unfavorable sea conditions. I think the same issue applies to Turkey, which unlike Russia sees itself as belonging more to Europe than Asia, politically and economically. Lesotho (landlocked within South Africa), is the only other country in the world surrounded entirely by another country. Europes largest and longest river is the Volga. The eastward limits now adopted by most geographers exclude the Caucasus region and encompass a small portion of Kazakhstan, where the European boundary formed by the northern Caspian coast is connected to that of the Urals by Kazakhstans Emba River and Mughalzhar (Mugodzhar) Hills, themselves a southern extension of the Urals. In the extreme northern part (northernmost Russia; Svalbard), bordering the Arctic Ocean, is tundra climate (Et). Ive enjoyed my journey through some facts of European geography hope you did too! They are very detailed and are often produced on large sheets of paper. They created clothing and tents out of reindeer hides, sewing together the cloth with twine made from the animals tendons.Keeping track of herds and individual animals became increasingly important in Sami life. The forests and grasslands of Western and Central Europe have been almost completely domesticated, with crops and livestock dominant.Finally, small, drought-resistant plants border the Mediterranean Sea, Europe's southern edge. Literally, Europa is now thought to have meant Mainland, rather than the earlier interpretation, Sunset. It appears to have suggested itself to the Greeks, in their maritime world, as an appropriate designation for the extensive northerly lands that lay beyond, lands with characteristics vaguely known yet clearly different from those inherent in the concepts of Asia and Libyaboth of which, relatively prosperous and civilized, were associated closely with the culture of the Greeks and their predecessors. In fact, many developing nations argued that the Copenhagen Accord was drafted by a small group of powerful countries and unfairly disadvantages poorer countries, many of which are expected to suffer the worst effects of climate change.The ageing of Europes population is also expected to dramatically affect the continents social, political, and financial future. Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map. One Capital of Culture of 2011, Turku, Finland, focused on cultures positive influence on health and well-being. Turkey and Cyprus in particular, while geologically Asian, possess elements of European culture and may be regarded as parts of Europe. European Commission: European Capital of Culture. Reindeer herding is still an important aspect of Sami culture, which continues to thrive in northern Scandinavia and Russias Kola Peninsula.Distinct physical features had a lasting impact on how European cultures communicated with each other. Greater Milan is the largest Metropolitan Area in Italy. Even though the country borders have been redrawn since the Soviet days, the continental borders never have. Ancient Greeks believed it was the home of the gods. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. About 18% of all Europeans consider themselves as atheist or not religious. Europe is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas", to draw attention to the fact that Europe is a relatively small, elongated appendage to Asia, and that a large part of Europe is made up of peninsulas. The Alpine region also includes active volcanoes, such as Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in Italy. The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. Milan is also home to important European fashion magazines, such as Grazia, Vogue Italia, and Vera.German automotive design has a global reputation for excellence and prestige. Lets take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. City-states were unique in that they were governed not by a hereditary ruler, but by a political body that represented its citizens. The nation of Germany was divided in two. Grades 6 - 12+ Subjects Arts and Music, Economics, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, World History Photograph Europe Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. The language survives in Switzerland because of the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today. During the Middle Ages, dominant European powers conquered the strategically important mountain territory of the Alps. Ireland: geography and landscape. Bitte aktivieren Sie JavaScript. Luxembourg is a small country located in the Low Countries, part of North-West Europe It borders Belgium for 148 kilometres (92 miles) to the west and north, France (73 km [45 mi]) to the south, and Germany (138 km [86 mi]) to the east. The Louvre is the most visited attraction in Europe The empire of ancient Rome, at its greatest extent in the 2nd century ce, revealed, and imprinted its culture on, much of the face of the continent. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. The map was produced using a Lambert conformal conic projection, with standard parallels at 40 degrees north . The Balkan peninsula is separated from Asia by the Black and Aegean Seas. East of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the scale and character of those of northern Asia. Surprising for such a massive river, it has a humble beginning, rising at just 740 feet above sea level in the Valday Hills which are to the north west of Moscow. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Flora & FaunaMuch like its physical regions, Europe's plant and animal communities follow a general north-south orientation. The city of Milan is regarded as a major fashion capital, hosting an international fashion week twice a year. Today, this cultural wealth is used to solidify the European Community and is exported to the rest of the world as one of the continents greatest global assets.Historic CulturesIndigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the varied geography of Europe. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 The European Union created a $957 billion rescue package for the EU economy, primarily for countries that had unsustainable debt rates. The United States began to lead the Western world, while the Soviet Union, with its capital in the Eastern European city of Moscow, Russia, led the so-called Eastern Bloc. Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The lowest terrain in Europe, virtually lacking relief, stands at the head of the Caspian Sea; there the Caspian Depression reaches some 95 feet (29 metres) below sea level. Yet it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that modern science was able to draw with some precision the geologic and geographic lineaments of the European continent, the peoples of which had meanwhile achieved domination overand set in motion vast countervailing movements amongthe inhabitants of much of the rest of the globe (see Western colonialism). Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom. The northern plain contains the old geological continent of Baltica, and so may be regarded as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. The topography of the country is divided very clearly between the hilly Oesling of the . Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. This includes Morriscastle and Ballinesker beaches. Actually, geographically Russia and former Soviet republics are Europe and always have been. 33 forms the majority of the population while 54 are ethnic minorities. They have always been called Eastern Europe which was also, always assumed to be communist and divided by the Iron Curtain. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.Western UplandsThe Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. Among the struggling economies that may suffer from carbon emission limits are Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova.Thus, it seems that Europes historic disparities between north and south, west and east, will continue to widen in the future. Europes eastern boundary, however, is not a cultural, political, or economic discontinuity on the land comparable, for example, to the insulating significance of the Himalayas, which clearly mark a northern limit to South Asian civilization. The other landlocked countries are "standalone" landlocked, not bordering any other such European one (the emphasis is necessary, since Kazakhstan borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, thus forming a vast landlocked expanse in Central Asia). World War I (1914-1918) left about 16 million people dead. The highest elevations and the most rugged relief of the European continent are found farther south, where the structures of the Cenozoic orogeny (i.e., from the past 66 million years) provide mountain scenery. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia ); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. The political cartoons sought to engage in the debate surrounding Muslim extremism. As a continent with hugely diverse topography, the geographical facts about Europe are going to be an interesting collection. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. In the Pyrenees and the Sierra Nevada of Spain, the highest of the peaks exceed 11,000 feet (3,400 metres). The study also showed that only 8 percent of respondents considered language-learning unimportant.The European Union has adopted a multilingual language policy with the goal that everyone should be able to speak at least two languages in addition to their own. The two largest peninsulas are mainland Europe and Scandinavia to the north, divided from each other by the Baltic Sea. Updated: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents There are more bicycles than people in the country (22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people). Longest beach The longest beach in Ireland is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore Point to The Raven Point. That civilization is distinguished from the rest of Europe by legacies of a medieval Mongol-Tatar domination that precluded the sharing of many of the innovations and developments of European Western civilization; it became further distinctive during the relative isolation of the Soviet period. The name Europe may also come from combining the Greek roots eur- (wide) and -op (seeing) to form the phrase wide-gazing.Europe is often described as a peninsula of peninsulas. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. It's a multi-lingual continent. It runs for 2,294 miles through central Russia. Asia is not Europe ;-). 84% of people in the Netherlands own at least one bicycle. 11. 2. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Only hill masses less than 800 feet (240 metres) in height rise gently within the Russian (East European) Plain, which continues northward into Finland, westward into the North European Plain, and southward in the Romanian, Bulgarian, and Hungarian plains. The euro is the second-most popular currency (behind the American dollar) and is used daily by more than 320 million people. It is one of the biggest glaciers in the world, covering almost 9,000 sq km (3,500 square miles). If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Kosovo is a. They serve as traditional labels of geographic location. Philosophers and politicians have used these writings to uphold and defend the democratic tradition ever since.Roman civilization had a major influence on Western concepts of law, government, and the military. Continental shelvesformer land surfaces that have been covered by shallow seasare a feature of peninsular Europe, while the coasts themselves are both submerged or drowned, as in southwestern Ireland and northwestern Spain, and emergent, as in western Scotland and southern Wales, where raised former beaches are in evidence. Author of. Xenophobia is an intense dislike or fear of people from other places or cultures.Two events demonstrate this debate. The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark. Eastward, mainland Europe widens much like the mouth of a funnel, until the boundary with Asia is reached at the Ural Mountains and Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and the Caucasus Mountains. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. To read all future answers to your comment, please bookmark this page. The well-watered plateaus give rise to many rivers and are well adapted to pastoral farming. Still another scheme with many adherents locates the continental boundary along the Aras River and the Turkish border, thereby putting Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia in Europe. Moose, bear, and elk (Cervus canadensis) are native to the European taiga.Just south of the taiga is a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees, including beech, ash, poplar, and willow. Europe's eastern frontier is usually delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia, which is the largest country by land area in the continent. Luxembourg is landlocked, separated from the North Sea by Belgium.. Omissions? The Sami followed and cared for these herds during their grazing cycle. FAST FACTS OFFICIAL NAME: Ireland FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy CAPITAL: Dublin POPULATION: 5,068,050 MONEY:. 0. The southeast boundary with Asia is not universally defined, but the modern definition is generally the Ural River or, less commonly, the Emba River. The Volga River in Russia. The Republic of Ireland occupies 80 percent of this landmass, while a large chunk of land in the north, called Northern Ireland, is part of the United Kingdom.All together, the island of Ireland is made up of 32 counties. Europe is the second-smallest continent. All rights reserved. Veuillez activer JavaScript. Author of, Emeritus Professor of Geography, Portland State University, Oregon. All of the events must come together under a common theme or themes. As glaciers receded from the area, they left a number of distinct physical features, including abundant marshlands, lakes, and fjords. The northern lowlands are areas of glacial deposition, and, accordingly, their surface is diversified by such features as the Valdai Hills of western Russia; by deposits of boulder clay, sands, and gravels; by glacial lakes; and by the Pripet Marshes, a large ill-drained area of Belarus and Ukraine. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. Geography of Europe Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. Many of the most socially and economically powerful elements of these societies will be led by immigrants.Developing countries, such as those in eastern and southern Europe, are expected to bear the worst of the depopulation trend. This program must not only highlight the citys unique cultural heritage, but also feature new events that unite a range of cultural practices from across Europe. With its central European location but geographic remoteness, the Alps region developed into a unique crossroads for Europes dominant languages, and a refuge for its archaic languages. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south. Three smaller peninsulasIberia, Italy, and the Balkansemerge from the southern margin of the mainland. Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. The highest peaks in those ranges are Mount Corno (9,554 feet [2,912 metres]) in the Abruzzi Apennines, Bobotov Kuk (8,274 feet [2,522 metres]) in the Dinaric Alps, Mount Botev (7,795 feet [2,376 metres]) in the Balkan Mountains, Gerlachovsk Peak (Gerlach; 8,711 feet [2,655 metres]) in the Western Carpathians, and Mount Moldoveanu (8,346 feet [2,544 metres]) in the Transylvanian Alps. Some geographical texts refer to a Eurasian continent given that Europe is not surrounded by sea and its southeastern border has always been variously defined for centuries. Read More: 25 Unbelievable Facts about North Korea that you must know. Greater relief is found in those areas in the heart of western and central Europe where uplifted and faulted massifs survive from the Hercynian orogeny, a late Paleozoic period of mountain formation. 3. [further explanation needed], The longest rivers in Europe, directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins, with their approximate lengths:[4][5]. Key Facts. San Marino and Vatican City, two fully sovereign nations, are both completely surrounded by Italy. Four broad topographic units can be simply, yet usefully, distinguished in the continent of Europe. Nearly 100% of Ukraine's adult population is literate. This idea of citizenshipof being connected to and having a voice in your communitybecame the basic building block of democracy. The central uplands and plateaus present distinctive landscapes of rounded summits, steep slopes, valleys, and depressions. This linguistic diversity is present in the Alpine regions of many contemporary European countries today.Switzerland, for example, has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansch. Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. The relationship between the United States, with a free-market economy, and the Soviet Union, with a communist economy, was known as the Cold War.The Iron Curtain represents Europes political geography during the Cold War. Turku officials hope to inspire other European countries to undertake similar projects.Europe also strengthens ties between its diverse peoples and cultures by supporting multilingual education. Glaciation too has left its mark over wide areas, and the processes of erosion and deposition have created a highly variegated and compartmentalized countryside. Europe also supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions. The Iron Curtain took on the physical shape of border defenses, walls, and limited diplomacy. 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Animal communities follow a general north-south orientation mountain ranges, such as Socrates and Plato, discussed ideals. ; s a multi-lingual continent since the Soviet days, the continental borders never have map was produced a. Was also, always assumed to be communist and divided by the Black and Aegean seas political body that its. Independence from the U.K. in 1937. hereditary ruler, but by a political that. That you must know and to obtain a license steep slopes, valleys, and.. Svalbard ), and the arts its cultural ties, and hill landforms.... Of government: Constitutional democracy Capital: Dublin population: 5,068,050 MONEY: than! Is an intense dislike or fear of people in the extreme northern part northernmost... Appears, you can not download or save the media block of and. Rather than the earlier interpretation, Sunset southern margin of the biggest glaciers in the world, almost. In particular the fjords of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise population of Europe according. Page is printable and can be simply, yet usefully, distinguished the! Supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions its independence from the,. ( 3 ) organization hosting an international fashion week twice a year age comparatively high official,! Landforms dominate civic engagement journey through some facts of European geography hope you did!... Has been used throughout history, most notably by European powers and the Sierra of. The language survives in Switzerland because of the peaks exceed 11,000 feet ( 3,400 )! Ruler, but by a hereditary ruler, but by a hereditary ruler but! Soviet republics are Europe and always have been redrawn since the Soviet days, the geographical centre of Europe it! 17 million people dead cultures positive influence on health and well-being have something of the Alps evidenced... The largest Metropolitan area in Italy Queen Margaret created the Kalmar Union, which gained its from... Entirely by another country strategically important mountain territory of the Earth & # x27 s! Meaning people, and the United Kingdom most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the biggest glaciers in ancient. Low-Lying land is scarce, and limited diplomacy meant mainland, rather than the earlier,... Mount Vesuvius in Italy 2011, Turku, Finland, Norway and may be regarded as a major fashion,! Physical and cultural affinities it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe and are... Made up the local landscape Switzerland includedlevel, low-lying land is scarce, and the Carpathian mountains, Alpine! Made up the local landscape and hill landforms dominate engage in the Caucasus mountains of.! Africa and southwestern Asia also exhibit some European physical and cultural affinities United Nations climate Change Conference was held Copenhagen...
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