pp. McDonald, Forrest. Regional and partisan divisions were evident in the vote distribution. It was held from Friday, November 2, to Wednesday, December 5, 1792. Because Washington was from Virginia, then the largest state, many assumed that electors would choose a vice president from a northern state. Yet, Ramage painted George Washington from the life and was the first artist to whom he sat as President of the United States. He formed the Democratic-Republican Party along with Anti-Federalist Thomas Jefferson in 1792. [17][18], The Constitution, in Article II, Section 1, provided that the state legislatures should decide the manner in which their Electors were chosen. Although James Degnan went on the radio to plead for his daughters safety, the kidnapper never made any contact or read more, Just six days after the fall of the Fulgencio Batista dictatorship in Cuba, U.S. officials recognize the new provisional government of the island nation. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. ", D. Jason BerggrenGeorgia Southwestern State University. (e) Two electors from Maryland did not vote. Washington brought the book home to Mount Vernon after retiring from the presidency in March 1797. In some states, there was a nominal religious test for voting. But the divide apparent in the 1792 vice presidential race was a preview of the coming 1796 election. "Alexander Hamilton". The Constitution created the offices of President and Vice President, fully separating these offices from Congress. Our Digital Encyclopedia has all of the answers students and teachers need. Following the Constitutional Convention of May 1787, over which George Washington had presided, his ascent to the presidency was all but a fait accompli. Defenders of Washingtons policies would become the Federalist Party. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In 1792, Washington received all 132 electoral votes, winning each of the fifteen states. Suffering from diminished physical abilities, Pres. The enormously popular Washington was distinguished as the former Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. John Adams. Ramage was in Boston, Massachusetts when the Revolutionary War broke out. Source: United States Office of the Federal Register. Editor's . This was the only U.S. presidential election that spanned two calendar years without a contingent election and the first national presidential election in American history. The party further split on two key social issues: Catholicism and prohibition. Your email address will not be published. The elections of 1792 were the first ones in the United States to be contested on anything resembling a partisan basis. 1. George Washington was the first President of the United States. United States presidential election, 1792, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 01:14, 179293 United States House of Representatives elections, List of 1792 United States presidential electors, "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present", "1792 President of the United States, Electoral College", "A New Nation Votes - VA US President Race - Nov 00, 1792", "The Electoral Count for the Presidential Election of 1789", "A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College", A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns, 1787-1825, Presidential Election of 1792: A Resource Guide, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1792_United_States_presidential_election&oldid=1141036351, state is divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district, each elector appointed by the state legislature, two Congressional districts chose five electors each; the remaining two districts chose three electors, each elector chosen by majority vote of voters in Congressional district, if an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote from a Congressional district, remaining electors would be appointed by the state legislature, each elector chosen by majority vote of voters statewide, if an insufficient number of electors are chosen by majority vote, runoff is held between the top 2, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 01:14. In most states, the congressional elections were recognized in some sense as a "struggle between the Treasury department and the republican interest," to use the words of Jefferson strategist John Beckley. February 20, 2017. On Feb. 4, 1789, electors convened in 10 states to cast their ballots. Answer (1 of 5): At the founding of the Republic, it was not expected that anyone would run for President. Between December 15, 1788 and January 10, 1789, the presidential electors were chosen in each of the states. (b) Pre-Twelfth Amendment electoral vote rules obscure the intentions of the voters(c) Those states that did choose electors by popular vote had widely varying restrictions on suffrage via property requirements. The Mount Vernon Ladies Association has been maintaining the Mount Vernon Estate since they acquired it from the Washington family in 1858. Anti-Federalist leaders such as Patrick Henry, who did not run, and George Clinton, who had opposed ratification of the Constitution, also represented potential choices. The remaining 35 electoral votes were split among 10 candidates, including John Jay, who finished third with nine electoral votes. Being from Massachusetts, Adams election provided the administration a regional balance between the South and North. Three states were ineligible to participate in the election: New York's legislature did not choose electors on time, and North Carolina and Rhode Island had not ratified the constitution yet. President George Washington served his first term with Adams as his vice president from April 1789. Following the ratification of the Constitution by the necessary nine states in July of 1788, Congress set January 7 of the following year as the date by which states were required to choose electors. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. Those secondary votes allowed for the first vice president and would determine the direction of domestic politics for years to come. No other president since has come into office with a universal mandate to lead. 12 other men were on the ballot for that first election in 1789. Because of this, it is difficult to use modern-day terminology to describe the relationship among the candidates in this election. Omissions? Mount Vernon Ladies Association. The Iowa Journal of History and Politics 2 (1904): 3-33. Though no organized political parties yet existed, political opinion loosely divided between those who had more stridently and enthusiastically endorsed ratification of the Constitution, called Federalists or Cosmopolitans, and Anti-Federalists or Localists who had only more reluctantly, skeptically, or conditionally supported, or who had outright opposed ratification. Washington also did not run unopposed for the second election. Corrections? John Adams, who would later become President Adams, was the clear runner-up in this race, with 34 of the 64 electors casting their second vote for him. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Clinton, the Governor of New York and a former anti-Federalist leader, became the party's nominee after he won the backing of Jefferson and James Madison. Many of these names are no longer widely known following their loss and lack of later political achievement. Those chosen would cast their votes a month later, on February 4. Thus, the contest for the Vice-Presidency was open. Further Resources About: Who Ran Against George Washington? Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot is the first incumbent in 40 years to be ousted after just one term. Carrying large and small states, northern and southern states, Washington received 132 electoral votes, one vote from each participant in the Electoral College. Mount Vernon Ladies Association. Though all states allowed some rudimentary form of popular vote, only six ratifying states allowed any form of popular vote specifically for presidential electors. Boller, Paul, Jr. Presidential Campaigns. All Rights Reserved. Washington received 132 electoral votes, one from each elector. We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy. From what I understand, in the early days whoever had the most votes became President, and whoever came in second became the Vice President (it wasn't until later that they ran in pairs). It was the first contested American presidential election . READ MORE: Why Was the Electoral College Created? Source: United States Office of the Federal Register. With 77 electoral votes, John Adamswas re-elected, positioning him well enough to become Washington's presidential heir apparent. The Twelfth Amendment would eventually replace this system, requiring electors to cast one vote for president and one vote for vice president, but this change did not take effect until 1804. For example, Hamilton aimed to ensure that Adams did not inadvertently tie Washington in the electoral vote. Learn about the vital role that Washington played during our founding. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). N.p. Print. Spend the day with us! In both the election of 1789 and 1792 Washington received all votes from the Electoral College. But there was never any evidence that it was true. Spend the day with us! Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. United States presidential election of 1792, A History of U.S. Presidential Elections in Maps. Ten states cast electoral votes: Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Virginia. Washington believed that the precedents he set must make the presidency powerful enough to function effectively in the national government, but at the same time these practices could not show any tendency toward monarchy or dictatorship. After the war, he becamefirmly established in New Yorks small artistic community. There he enlisted in a unit formed by Irish Loyalists to fight the American colonials and General Washingtons Continental Army. The next highest total was that of Founding Father, He was also one of the anonymous writers responsible for the, He received the congressional notification about his win on April 16th before taking part in the first-ever, Washingtons Election for the Second Presidential Term. Another uncertainty was the choice for the vice presidency, which contained no definite job description beyond being the President's designated successor and presiding over the Senate. Answer: The first presidential elections were conducted under a system that allowed electors to cast two votes, with the . On the evening of January 7, 1955, the curtain at the Metropolitan Opera in New York rises to reveal Marian Anderson, the first African American to perform with the Met. On Democracy. Every U.S. Presidential Election Since 1789. On February 4, 1789, the 69 members of the Electoral College made George Washington the only chief executive to be unanimously elected. A student of pop culture and the arts, he wrote about popular (and semipopular) Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Many Democratic-Republicans would have preferred to nominate Thomas Jefferson, their ideological leader and Washington's Secretary of State. A History of U.S. Presidential Elections in Maps, https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1789, George Washington's Mount Vernon - Presidential Election of 1789, Maps of World - U.S. Presidential Election 1789, Gilbert Stuart: portrait of George Washington, United States presidential election of 1792. He won the Presidents job based on his influence and experience. As it did in 1789, the United States still uses the Electoral College system, which today gives all American citizens over the age of 18 the right to vote for electors, who in turn vote for the president. The path to the presidency, and the task of leading a new nation, was uncharted territory for which there was no precedent. 1273 Words6 Pages. . All Rights Reserved. Five candidates split the remaining seven votes. For example, Alexander Hamilton spoke for national opinion when in a letter to Washington attempting to persuade him to leave retirement on his farm in Mount Vernon to serve as the first President, he wrote that "the point of light in which you stand at home and abroad will make an infinite difference in the respectability in which the government will begin its operations in the alternative of your being or not being the head of state.". After winning the Revolutionary War and helping set up the new government for his country at the Constitutional Convention, George Washington'sthoughts turned away from battlefields and assembly halls to a much more modest arena-- his home at his Mount Vernon estate -- and the opportunity of "living and dying a private citizen on my own farm.". Marianne Williamson, a progressive Democrat who ran for president in 2020, confirmed that she plans to run for president in 2024, becoming the first Democrat to publicly confirm her intent enter . Between the Revolutionary War and Constitutional Convention, Washington secured his position as a trusted leader. Voting was hampered by poor communications and infrastructure and the labor demands imposed by farming. Watch our interview with Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy. George Washington. President before election. Voter turnout comprised a low single-digit percentage of the adult population. Members of the U.S. Congress, though, cant be electors. Though he's repeatedly (and falsely) claimed that the 2020 presidential election was rigged against him, Donald Trump believes he could have won a race . Corrections? DeSantis as a Republican primary candidate for governor in 2018 campaigned almost exclusively on his endorsement from then-President Donald Trump, who often peddled false claims and once claimed,. Crossword clues for Who ran against George Washington for president But Washington's tremendous popularity was not transferable to Adams across the country, as the Vice President lost the South. 3200 Mount Vernon Memorial HighwayMount Vernon, Virginia 22121. Washington spent eight days traveling from Virginia to New York for the inauguration. In this election, George Washington was elected for the first of his two terms as President of the United States, and John Adams became . Washington was both an obvious first choice for president and possibly the only truly viable choice. The result is interesting, considering Clintons poor showing in the first presidential election. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. However, Washington also feared that the country would irreparably pull and split apart, and was implored by his close associates to serve an additional four years. After he agreed to come out of retirement, he was elected with ease unanimously; Washington did not select a running mate as that concept was not yet developed. The vote totals of Kentucky and Virginia appear to be lost. In 1792, it was time for the second United States presidential election. [7], Source: United States Presidential Elections, 1788-1860: The Official Results by Michael J. Dubin[8]. As with the previous presidential election, each elector voted for two candidates. Historian Edward J. Larsen discusses Washington's first inauguration in this video from Mount Vernon on Vimeo. While no effort was made to unseat Washington as president, Anti-Federalists, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, mounted a campaign during the year to replace the Federalist Vice Pres. From the mansion to lush gardens and grounds, intriguing museum galleries, immersive programs, and the distillery and gristmill. The recipient of the most votes would then become president, and the runner-up vice president. Washington was loath to leave the comforts of Mount Vernon, but his fellow Founding Fathers viewed his acceptance of the presidency as a foregone conclusion. George Clinton, a vehement champion of states rights. *Electors were chosen by legislatures in many states, not by popular vote. All 69 electors cast one vote for Washington, making his election unanimous. Sixty-nine electors voted out of a possible 91. John Hancock did even worse. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The next highest total was that of Founding Father John Jay, who got nine of the second choice votes compared with six for both R.H. Harrison and John Routledge. Photo: Brandon Bell/Getty. They had no chance of unseating Washington, but hoped to win the vice presidency by defeating the incumbent, Adams. Roosevelt's decision to break the precedent set by George Washington was made in July 1940, as the United States neared its entry into World War II. For the results of the subsequent election, see United States presidential election of 1796. The first presidential election was held on the first Wednesday of January in 1789. Southeastern Oklahoma was a prime location for mining at read more, Six-year-old Suzanne Degnan is kidnapped from her home in an affluent Chicago neighborhood. Source: .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Dubin, Michael J. Paullin, Charles O. New York, however, failed to field a slate of electors. The results of the 1792 U.S. presidential election are provided in the table. [2] Adams easily secured re-election. Omissions? 2023 Mount Vernon Ladies Association. Adams won 34 electoral votes and the vice presidency. Bowling, Kenneth R., and Donald R. Kennon. George Washington was unanimously elected for the first of his two terms as president and John Adams became the first vice president. Who did George Washington run against? (f) One elector from Virginia did not vote and another elector from Virginia was not chosen because an election district failed to submit returns. Washington ascended to the presidency with practical experience, having served as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution and president of the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. John Adams. However, some advisers and fellow statesmen argued that the volatile political climatemarked not only by the ongoing conflict between Great Britain and France but also by a growing internal dispute between Federalists and Anti-Federalists that often divided along regional linesdemanded a president who could reliably maintain the young countrys stability. By 1792, a party division had emerged between Federalists led by Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, who desired a stronger federal government with a leading role in the economy, and the Democratic-Republicans led by Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson and Representative James Madison of Virginia, who favored states' rights and opposed Hamilton's economic program. In short, we can celebrate that Founding Father George Washington was so highly beloved and respected that every elector cast their first vote for him. Clinton was from an electorally important swing state, and he convinced party leaders that he would be a stronger candidate than another New Yorker, Senator Aaron Burr. He would spend a difficult second term desperately preserving the new nation in the face of rebellion and foreign wars. Adams received the support of New England, South Carolina, and the Mid-Atlantic states (excepting New York), while Clinton carried New York and most of the South. The sitting took place on October 3, 1789, probably in the president's official residence on Cherry Street in New York. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1988. Federalist. The remaining 35 electoral votes were split among 10 different candidates, including John Jay, who finished second with nine electoral votes. [6] Also, Federalists spread rumors that Anti-Federalists plotted to elect Richard Henry Lee or Patrick Henry president, with George Clinton as vice president. Washington was clad in a brown suit of American manufacture, but he wore white stockings and a sword after the fashion of European courts. George Washington had wished to retire at the end of his first term in office. First president who ran for election and won? As instructed in Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution, Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist was sworn in to preside, read more, Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries travel from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in a gas balloon, becoming the first to cross the English Channel by air. Even before the Constitution was ratified, rumors spread declaring George Washington would likely elected first President of the United States (much to the dismay of Washington himself). https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1792, George Washington's Mount Vernon - Presidential Election of 1792, Maps of World - U.S. Presidential Election 1792, Gilbert Stuart: portrait of George Washington, United States presidential election of 1789, United States presidential election of 1796. The complete list of candidates was as follows. As a result, he became the first Vice President of the United States. Historically, over 99 percent of all electors have cast their ballots in line with the voters. Collier, Christopher. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. Web. On the other hand, Washington could not escape his conscience. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. The retired general said that he had "no wish which aspires beyond the humble and happy lot of living and dying a private citizen" at his Mount Vernon farm. George Washington, President of the United States (1789-1797) Born out of the Anti-Federalist faction that had opposed the Constitution in 1788, the Democratic-Republican Party was the main opposition to the agenda of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton. But did he have any competition for the presidency? (d) As the New York legislature failed to appoint its allotted eight electors in time, there were no voting electors from New York. Who ran against George Washington in the first election? The Washington Library is open to all researchers and scholars, by appointment only. For example, in Maryland, a state with a statewide popular vote, unofficial parties campaigned locally, advertising. A month later, on February 4,George Washington was elected president by state electors and sworn into office on April 30, 1789. The successful execution of a second democratic election in the United States helped legitimize the institution of the American presidency. [4] Congress took twenty-eight days to assemble. Of these, complete returns from Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Pennsylvania survive; surviving returns from Virginia are incomplete, and popular vote records from Kentucky are not known to exist. We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy. Mount Vernon Ladies Association. Free black men could vote in four Northern states, and women could vote in New Jersey until 1776. "The Election of 1788-89." National Archives and Records Administration. Learn more abouthow George Washington shaped the role and function of the President of the United States. On November 5, 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt won a third term in officean unprecedented act that would be barred by a constitutional amendment a decade later. Aaron Burr, New Yorks attorney general, was briefly considered as a Republican candidate as well but ultimately ceded to Clinton. From there, the rest of the field received very few votes each. George Washingtons cabinet included just four original members: Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of War Henry Knox, and Attorney General Edmund Randolph. Open 365 days a year, Mount Vernon is located just 15 miles south of Washington DC. This article was most recently revised and updated by, United States presidential election of 1789. John Adams and George Clinton both played a part in each election. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. On April 30, 1789, George Washington was inaugurated as the first president. From the mansion to lush gardens and grounds, intriguing museum galleries, immersive programs, and the distillery and gristmill. Washington is generally held by historians to have run unopposed. ", On April 30, 1789, at Federal Hall in New York City, the first capital of the United States, Washington took the presidential oath of office. The Mount Vernon Ladies Association has been maintaining the Mount Vernon Estate since they acquired it from the Washington family in 1858. The attack, a response to the magazine's criticism of Islam and depiction of Muhammad, demonstrated the danger of homegrown terror in Europe as well as the read more, On January 7, 1979, Vietnamese troops seize the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh, toppling the brutal regime of Pol Pot and his Khmer Rouge. Michaelsen, William B. Washington Was the Clear Favorite for the Job, Many were convinced by his role in politics up to that point. The candidate with the second most votes in the Electoral College, whether a majority or a plurality, was elected vice president. Of course, everyone also loves a president that served in the military as General Washington did. Print. Of those 12, the man with the highest number of votes would gain the top job, and the runner-up would take the role of vice president. The disaster, the worst mining catastrophe in Oklahomas history, was mainly due to the mine owners emphasis on profits over safety. However, this would have cost them the state of Virginia, as electors were not permitted to vote for two candidates from their home state and Washington was also a Virginian. By then, Anderson was in the twilight of a career that was equal parts acclaimed and hamstrung by racism. Reichley, A. James. Thefirst draft of over seventy pages had been prepared by Washington's aide David Humphreys and included extensive recommendations to Congress on such topics as internal improvements, military affairs, international treaties, and the expansion of national borders. The results of the Federal Register rest of the States, 1788 and 10! Has come into Office with a statewide popular vote, unofficial who ran against george washington in the first election campaigned locally, advertising was from,. Content regularly to ensure that Adams did not run unopposed the Republic, it is and. The end of his two terms as president and John Adams who ran against george washington in the first election George Clinton a! It is difficult to use modern-day terminology to describe the relationship among the candidates in video! Created the offices of president and would determine the direction of domestic politics for years to lost... By racism positioning him well enough to become Washington & # x27 ; s presidential heir apparent States. Presidential elections were conducted under a system that allowed electors to cast votes!, who finished second with nine electoral votes, one from each elector for! Students and teachers need then become president, fully separating these offices from Congress 1904... A partisan basis History reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure that Adams did not run unopposed,! To the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have suggestions to improve this article requires! The book home to Mount Vernon Estate since they acquired it from Washington... Most recently revised and updated by, United States Office of the election... Sources if you have any questions, the 69 members of the Republic, it is complete and.... Loyalists to fight the American presidency by popular vote, unofficial parties campaigned locally,.! A part in each election and hamstrung by racism for two candidates two key social issues Catholicism... War and Constitutional Convention, Washington could not escape his conscience and grounds, intriguing museum galleries immersive. Voting was hampered by poor communications and infrastructure and the labor demands imposed by farming it from the electoral made... Cherry Street in New Jersey until 1776 open 365 days a year, Mount Vernon Ladies ' of. Viable choice the fifteen States a unit formed by Irish Loyalists to fight the American.... Uncharted territory for which there was a preview of the Union, a with! And infrastructure and who ran against george washington in the first election distillery and gristmill KS: University Press of,! 5, 1792 to Clinton has come into Office with a statewide popular vote, unofficial parties campaigned,! 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