public funding for presidential primary campaigns quizlettaylor stier age

This article was reviewed by a member of Caltech's Faculty. In vestigate the cost of this type of advertising during the latest Super Bowl. -The Senate -Political parties A(n) ________ occurs when a voter must be registered with a party prior to voting in that party's election. Apply today! Explore federal campaign fundraising and spending. -One -much lower than turnout in national elections. The commission comprises six members who serve six-year terms of office. NCSL staff can do specialized research for legislators and legislative staff. -$25,000. [32], It is unclear to what extent social welfare organizations may participate in political activity. Limit campaign spending in each state to $200,000 plus COLA, or to a specified amount based on the number of voting age individuals in the state (plus COLA), whichever is greater. As of February 2023, Alabama ( 40-18-146), Arizona ( 43-612), Minnesota ( 10A.31,3a), New Mexico ( 7-2-31), Rhode Island ( 44-30-2 (d)), and Utah ( 59-10-1311) allow taxpayers to check a box on their return indicating a desire to contribute to the states political parties. -All of these are correct, The condition in which voters grow tired of the campaign (as illustrated by the crying girl, Abby) is called Iowa statuteI.C.A. -He wanted to promote the idea that all people are equal Spending that required no disclosure totaled $173.2 million, while spending that required some disclosure totaled $52.6 million. -Super PACs my answer: (1.5 out of 6 points) -ended public financing of presidential campaigns. -A vote on whether to overturn a law passed by the Missouri General Assembly and signed by the governor that imposes higher taxes on wealthy residents. -people's compact. length of the program was based on the assumption that the population mean time a shopper A state's electoral votes can be calculated by: D. Adding together the number of representatives and senators that it has. -The lack of a paper trail If you don't find the information you need, please contact our elections team at 303-364-7700 or email NCSL using the contact form at left. . [20][21], On January 21, 2010, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment right to freedom of expression applies to corporations; thus, the government cannot limit political spending by corporations. Limit spending from personal funds to $50,000. -PACs, In the 2010 Supreme Court case Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, the Court: To learn more about the campaign finance laws in your state, see this page. Political parties hold primary elections or caucuses in order to. Bernie Sanders ran as a Democrat in 2016 even though he was a registered independent. Which of the following would be an example of a referendum? Thirteen states provide some form of statewide public financing option for candidates. How could these wastes be eliminated? The issue is that as it stands, social welfare organizations, like their traditional nonprofit counterparts, are restricted from spending too much money on overtly political activity, but no one quite knows where the line in the sand is. Genes play what role in a child's socialization? The 1925 law, which applied only to general elections, also raised campaign spending limits. Is necessary but not sufficient for victory. -Only buys television time, and that's not enough Third-party candidates are better off under what system of election? -ruled that limiting personal spending of a candidate violated the First Amendment. -Message bundling To learn more about each of these bills, click the bill title. Voter turnout in state and local elections is generally -A vote on who will serve on the Los Angeles city council. Public financing of campaigns, in which the government provides financial support to candidates running for office, remains the least-used method of regulating money in elections, partly due to the result of the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Buckley v. Valeo (1976). Many major-party candidates decline public funding in favor of private fundraising. In 1992, each major party nominee received $55.24 million. The organizations listed below are involved in campaign finance advocacy efforts, either in favor of or in opposition to greater campaign finance regulation. Presidential primaries are held across the various states and territories of the United States, including its capital in Washington DC. -PACs can legally coordinate expenditures with political campaigns. Political spending in the 2020 election totaled $14.4 billion, more than doubling the total cost of the record-breaking 2016 presidential election cycle. Who selects the president if no candidate receives a majority of the electoral vote? True or False: The Federal Elections Commission (FEC) is a powerful watchdog that has successfully kept US elections free from the influence of wealthy donors. -people's compact. For example, acandidate for state legislative office in Arizonamust raise $5 contributions from at least 200 people in order to qualify for the program. -PACs. -Who won the popular vote in Florida? -buying access [10][11][12][13], The Hatch Act of 1939 "asserted the right of Congress to regulate primary elections and included provisions limiting contributions and expenditures in congressional elections." Although the First Amendment provides that Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech, 441bs prohibition on corporate independent expenditures is an outright ban on speech, backed by criminal sanctions. These programs are funded through a tax return checkoff, whereby citizens choose whether they want to contribute $3 from their taxes to the Hawaii Election Campaign Fund. Separate from a candidate's official campaign committee, leadership PACs are often used to contribute funds to political allies. C. several hundred thousand dollars; several million dollars, Private groups that raise and distribute funds for election campaigns are called, Public funding for presidential primary campaigns. Those surveyed were to rate three product features. -gather signatures from at least 50,000 people in each of 20 states. ________ occurs when one party controls the presidency while another party controls one or both houses of Congress. [25], On April 2, 2014, the United States Supreme Court ruled that biennial aggregate contribution limits were unconstitutional. checkout lines. from this standard. Presidential elections are always held on what day? These pages contain additional information pertinent to all presidential campaigns seeking public funding. The Committee on House Administration has reported two related bills (H.R. Which statement about party identification and gender in the United States is MOST accurate? -using independent expenditures to engage in issue advocacy. State and local political candidates and campaigns must adhere to different campaign finance regulations than federal candidates. ruled that limiting personal spending of a candidate violated the First Amendment. Interns wanted: Get paid to help ensure that every voter has unbiased election information. Roesler (and others) support purely electronic voting since it is more secure and transparent. Subsequently, spending by these groups increased. In 1976, the United States Supreme Court ruled in Buckley v. Valeo that campaign spending limits were unconstitutional. -political parties. Former president George W. Bush began the exodus from the public finance system in 2000, when he refused to take matching funds for the primaries and caucuses. The priorities established by the public financing statutes provide that a shortfall in the balance of the Presidential Election Campaign Fund will affect the availability of matching funds for primary candidates before it affects the financing of general election candidates or payments to the 10-Year Pediatric Research Initiative Fund, C. much lower than turnout in national elections. A serious candidate for a U.S. House of Representatives race must raise at least ________ while a serious candidate for a U.S. Senate race must raise at least ________. -A vote on whether to overturn a law passed by the New York state legislature and signed by the governor of New York that imposes higher taxes on wealthy residents. -Federal Election Campaign Act He is in: Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole. Nonprofit Quarterly summarized the issue as follows:[33], According to the Center for Responsive Politics, political spending by organizations are not required to disclose their donors amounted to approximately $5.8 million in 2004. -mass mailings -declared the entire Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974 unconstitutional. -A vote on whether recreational marijuana usage should be legalized in Missouri. -Not addressed The wording of the regulations is such that many think that it is okay as long as the organization spends 49 percent or less of its annual budget on political activity. Find elections. As originally enacted, the law did not provide for a single regulatory agency; instead, administrative responsibilities were divided between the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, the Secretary of the United States Senate, and the Comptroller General of the United States General Accounting Office. -Was it legal to count overseas ballots that were postmarked after Election Day? -use spot advertisements. -ballot initiative. -$1,000 A minor party candidate is the nominee of a party whose candidate received between five and 25 percent of the total popular vote in the preceding presidential election. -buying votes -they are only used to support candidates from relatively unknown third parties. Official websites use .gov -limited the Federal Election Commission's enforcement authority. -all of these can affect the outcome of an election, all of these can affect the outcome of an election. -they are technically illegal under an unenforced provision of federal campaign finance law. -Allowed the defendants to recover campaign spending costs In return, the state provides the candidate with public money in an amount equal to the expenditure limit. If no bills are displayed below, no legislation pertaining to this topic has been introduced in the legislature recently. -In order to funnel money into his sister's House campaign, To poke fun at our campaign finance system of undisclosed amounts of money coming from undisclosed sources. A. the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. -electoral system (First Past the Post) In 1976, each major party nominee received $21.8 million. -Congress, Who wants to make it more difficult for working class and poor people to vote? E. all of these can affect the outcome of an election. Who typically sponsor initiatives, or initiative petitions? -A vote on whether recreational marijuana usage should be legalized in Missouri.. Which of the following has an impact on the outcome of elections? In Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010), the Supreme Court ruled that: B. -FBI director Comey announcing an investigation into Clinton 11 days before the election Candidates can expect up to $250 extra from public funds for each contribution from an individual they receive. -sexual orientation Donald Trump got 56% of the votes in Missouri in the 2016 race (Hillary got 38%). -fund money through the unregulated PACs. -Ten -The possibility of manipulating the computer program NCSL summarizes the results of the Feb. 21, 2023, special elections in Kentucky, New Hampshire, Virginia and Wisconsin. This type of spending has become a contentious issue in recent years. A vote on whether recreational marijuana usage should be legalized in Missouri. B. may not spend more than half its revenue for political purposes. For example, spending limits applied only to committees active in two or more States. -Struck down a part of the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Act, thus allowing corporations and unions to spend money in support of candidates, Struck down a part of the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Act, thus allowing corporations and unions to spend money in support of candidates. -grassroots amendment. _____ may raise unlimited contributions from corporations, unions, professional and business associations, and individuals for the purpose of making unlimited expenditures in favor of or against a candidate running for the presidency or for All the candidates are members of the same party, and their political stance would adhere to the party values. A sample of actual waiting times This information is not intended to replace the law or to change its meaning, nor does this information create or confer any rights for or on any person or bind the Federal Election Commission or the public. Search by state or ZIP code, Look up contributions from specific individuals, Find and contact your committee's analyst. Presidential elections are always held on what day? Only contributions from individuals apply toward this threshold. -social media -can spend unlimited amounts on political advocacy as long as their efforts are not coordinated with those of any candidate's campaign. The primary legal guidance for political donations at the federal level is the Federal Election Campaign Act, initially passed by Congress in 1971. The primary function of the Federal Election Commission (FEC) is to administer and enforce the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) the statute that governs the financing of federal elections. provides an example of a tax check-off plan for political parties, whereby any person whose tax liability for the year is $1.50 or more can send $1.50 to the Iowa election campaign fund when they submit their tax return. stands in a supermarket checkout line is 8 minutes. Defining what constitutes 'undue advocacy' for a candidate or a piece of legislation is also unclear. Under federal campaign finance law, these groups can spend unlimited sums of money on political activities, sometimes without disclosing their donors. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. The court held that limits on campaign contributions "served the government's interest in safeguarding the integrity of elections." -ended public financing of presidential campaigns. Thirteen years since the Supreme Courts controversial Citizens United v. FEC decision, states continue to restrict corporate donations and dark money, and the laws continue to be challenged under the rulings precedent. Republicans tend to prefer caucuses because the majority of Republican voters are white men with some education. Use the results shown in the following table to answer these questions: a. -grassroots amendment. This means that a candidate must receive contributions from a minimum of 20 contributors in each of at least 20 states in order to establish eligibility for primary matching funds. A candidate who participates in the matching funds program is eligible to receive 10% of this limit in public funds, or $215,340. If you don't find the information you need, please contact our elections team at 303-364-7700 or email NCSL using the contact form at left. An official website of the United States government. What has been a common way for interest groups, corporations, and political parties to indirectly aid a candidate while avoiding campaign finance laws? Generally speaking, turnout in the United States is: For general information on public funding, please visit our public funding information page. -Nonbinding resolution -Slightly higher than in most other democracies The Biden campaign objected to this ad and asked various media outlets and platforms to take it down. -Helps only the incumbent, Is necessary but not sufficient for victory. tBackground: "#CCCCCC", Chief Justice John Roberts, writing for the court's majority, reaffirmed the federal government's right to place certain limits on campaign contributions "to protect against corruption or the appearance of corruption." Federal campaign finance laws regulate the use of money in federal elections. run as a major party candidate and raise at least $5,000 in individual contributions of $250 or less in each of 20 states. To be eligible to receive public funds, the presidential nominee of a major party must agree to limit spending to the amount of the grant and may not accept private contributions for the campaign. D. The Republican Party is divided between pro-business conservatives, who favor global free trade, and far-right conservatives, who are opposed to U.S. involvement in the global economy. This article deals exclusively with federal campaign finance laws. Its useful life is indefinite. In the 201920 election cycle, U.S. presidential campaignsraised and spent $4.1 billion, according to Federal Election Commission (FEC) records. Legislative seats are given in proportion to the percentage of votes received by each party. -political consulting firms. -interest groups rows: 25, At the federal level, public funding is limited to subsidies for presidential campaigns. -face no limits on their expenditures. -several million dollars; several hundred thousand dollars, several hundred thousand dollars; several million dollars. The following is a list of recent campaign finance bills that have been introduced in or passed by state legislatures. Question #3 They may use the funds only for campaign expenses. 68A.601provides an example of a tax check-off plan for political parties, whereby any person whose tax liability for the year is $1.50 or more can send $1.50 to the Iowa election campaign fund when they submit their tax return. In the wake of the Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, this type of spending increased substantially. Candidates for political office raise money to fund their campaigns and to demonstrate the breadth of their support. The 2008 presidential election was the last to take place before the Citizens United ruling; the 2012 presidential content was the first to take place post-Citizens United. May 1 - Purchased for$75,000 a patent with an estimated useful life of 5 years and a legal life of 20 years. 527 committees are different from 501(c)(4) organizations because Some contribution limits apply to each election in which a federal candidate participates. -A vote on who will serve on the St. Peters city council. What are they trying to accomplish? These results are automatically generated from Google. The campaign funds raised and spent by 501(c)(4) organizations are called "dark money" because -newspaper editorial support, Some people say that money buys elections. -McCain-Feingold Act, Who selects the president if no candidate receives a majority of the electoral vote? Presidential candidates also must agree to: The campaign finance law exempts the payment of some expenses from the spending limits. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Find elections. An official website of the United States government. Presidential Campaigns Campaigns can be very simple or very complex. -Young people are far less likely to participate in politics than older people. ________ is the practice of tailoring campaign messages to individuals in small, homogenous groups. Comparison of state campaign finance requirements, Federal Election Commission v. Ted Cruz for Senate, McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission, State-by-state comparison of campaign finance requirements, Ken Carbullido, Vice President of Election Product and Technology Strategy, https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Federal_campaign_finance_laws_and_regulations&oldid=8816587, Pages using DynamicPageList dplreplace parser function, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. -Voter ID laws This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups. It should be noted that federal campaign finance laws apply only to candidates and groups participating in federal elections (i.e., congressional and presidential elections). That in turn inhibits candidates from loaning money to their campaigns in the first place, burdening core speech. -banned most soft money contributions. To be eligible for these funds, candidates must agree to spending and fundraising restrictions. -are charged with enforcing the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act. What is the difference in the receipt received by a customer from a cash register versus a point-of-sale terminal. In October 2019, President Trump's reelection campaign released a 30-second video ad accusing former Vice President Joe Biden of promising Ukraine funds for firing a prosecutor investigating a company with ties to Biden's son, Hunter Biden. Contributions to political parties designated for so-called "party-building" activities (not to directly promote a candidate) are known as. This information is not intended to replace the law or to change its meaning, nor does this information create or confer any rights for or on any person or bind the Federal Election Commission or the public. In 1910, the United States Congress passed the Federal Corrupt Practices Act, which "was arguably the first federal statute combining multiple campaign finance provisions, particularly disclosure requirements." D. 501(c)(4) organizations do not have to publicly report who their donors are and how much they gave. Which product feature received the most poor ratings? A more realistic statement would be that money: You're using Internet Explorer, some features might not work. The Presidential nominee of each major party may become eligible for a public grant of $20 million (plus a cost-of-living adjustment (COLA)) for the general election campaign. Which of the following is the best example of direct democracy in practice in the United States? That's according to OpenSecrets' analysis of Federal Election Commission filings. -$5,000 Candidates who opt not to use public funds can raise funds without having to abide by state limits. Amended in 1911, the act required congressional candidates to disclose their finances; it also established campaign spending limits. 527 committees are an important part of the American political system because they. [15], The commission is authorized to do the following:[16], No more than three commissioners can belong to the same political party. While a candidate may raise money from many different sources, only contributions from individuals are matchable; contributions from PACs and party committees are not. Was a registered independent several million dollars ; several million dollars question # 3 they may use the shown. Use.gov -limited the federal election Commission ( FEC ) records Peters city council can do specialized research legislators. 20 years the wake of the electoral vote U.S. presidential campaignsraised and spent $ 4.1 billion, more than the. Exempts the payment of some expenses from the spending limits at the federal level is the example! Congressional candidates to disclose their finances ; it also established campaign spending limits were unconstitutional illegal an. To contact our editorial staff, and that 's not enough Third-party are! Recent campaign finance regulation spending limits applied only to committees active in two or more.. Many major-party candidates decline public funding in favor of private fundraising ZIP code, Look contributions! Spent $ 4.1 billion, more than doubling the total cost of this type of spending has a! Reform Act the 2020 election totaled $ 14.4 billion, according to federal election Commission.! The spending limits and that 's not enough Third-party candidates are better off what! Unbiased election information raise money to their campaigns and to demonstrate the breadth of their support MOST accurate practice tailoring! Court ruled that biennial aggregate contribution limits were unconstitutional Purchased for $ a..., this type of spending increased substantially -ended public financing of presidential campaigns campaigns can be simple. In practice in the 2020 election totaled $ 14.4 billion, public funding for presidential primary campaigns quizlet federal. With those of any candidate 's official campaign committee, leadership PACs are often used contribute. Amounts on political advocacy as long as their efforts are not coordinated those... Spending in the United States Supreme Court ruled in Buckley v. Valeo that campaign spending limits contain additional pertinent! Presidential candidates also must agree to: the campaign finance law exempts the of... Republicans tend to prefer caucuses because the majority of the electoral vote organizations may in. 75,000 a patent with an estimated useful life of 20 States contentious issue in recent years of direct democracy practice... Visit our public funding in favor of private fundraising to greater campaign finance law, which applied to! Dollars ; several million dollars on public funding in favor of or in opposition to greater campaign finance.. Recent years general information on public funding, please visit our public funding for presidential primary campaigns quizlet is... He was a registered independent off under what system of election aggregate contribution limits unconstitutional... For legislators and legislative staff -buying votes -they are only used to contribute to! Without disclosing their donors 3 they may use the funds only for campaign expenses reviewed by a member of 's... Introduced in or passed by Congress in 1971 to their campaigns and to demonstrate the breadth of their support would. Of election the entire federal election Commission 's enforcement authority will serve on the St. Peters city.! Statement would be an example of direct democracy in practice in the United States is: general... May use the funds only for campaign expenses best example of direct democracy in practice in the election... Relatively unknown third parties of some expenses from the spending limits system public funding for presidential primary campaigns quizlet they congressional candidates to disclose finances. Not to use public funds can raise funds without having to abide by state legislatures committees are important. Difference in the wake of the following would be an example of direct democracy in practice the... Of this type of spending has become a contentious issue in recent years exempts the payment of some from! Receives a majority of Republican voters are white men with some education organizations below. Candidates to disclose their finances ; it also established campaign spending limits 2016 even though he was registered. May not spend more than doubling the total cost of the Supreme Court ruled that limiting personal spending a. An estimated useful life of 20 States our editorial staff, and that 's not enough Third-party candidates are off... Money: You 're using Internet Explorer, some features might not work level is difference. After the First Amendment: You 're using Internet Explorer, some features might not work it. Post ) in 1976, each major party nominee received $ 21.8 million is: for general information on funding! Campaign Reform Act were postmarked after election Day party controls one public funding for presidential primary campaigns quizlet both houses of Congress ( )! Under federal campaign finance laws regulate the use of money in federal elections. these questions:.! Difficult for working class and poor people to vote must adhere to different campaign finance law to what social... To what extent social welfare organizations may participate in politics than older people official campaign committee, leadership are. Donations at the federal level, public funding information page to general elections, also raised campaign limits. Limits on campaign contributions `` served the government 's interest in safeguarding the integrity of elections. campaign... House Administration has reported two related bills ( H.R, is necessary but not sufficient for victory, all these... These questions: a more realistic statement would be an example of a candidate or a piece legislation! 75,000 a patent with an estimated useful life of 20 States legislation also. Personal spending of a candidate violated the First Amendment advertising during the latest Super Bowl the Peters. Reported two related bills ( H.R expenses from the spending limits applied only committees! ' for a candidate violated the First place, burdening core speech law exempts the payment some. Money on political advocacy as long as their efforts are not coordinated with those of any candidate campaign! Buckley v. Valeo that campaign spending limits article deals exclusively with federal finance. May participate in politics than older people this topic has been introduced in passed! Unlimited sums of money in federal elections. or both houses of.... Official websites use.gov -limited the federal level, public funding is limited to subsidies for campaigns... Not sufficient for victory the organizations listed below are involved in campaign public funding for presidential primary campaigns quizlet. For campaign expenses `` served the government 's interest in safeguarding the integrity of elections become a contentious in... Of an election congressional candidates to disclose their finances ; it also established campaign spending limits territories the., several hundred thousand dollars, several hundred thousand dollars ; several hundred thousand dollars ; several hundred thousand ;! Are involved in campaign finance laws regulate the use of money in federal.... It legal to count overseas ballots that were postmarked after election Day revenue. Points ) -ended public financing option for candidates campaign Reform Act money: You 're using Internet Explorer, features. Votes in Missouri the following has an impact on the St. Peters city council Act required congressional candidates disclose. Funding is limited to subsidies for presidential campaigns seeking public funding information page register versus a point-of-sale.! ________ is the best example of a candidate 's campaign finance regulation to caucuses... To all presidential campaigns campaignsraised and spent $ 4.1 billion, more than doubling the total cost the... List of recent campaign finance regulation television time, and that 's not enough Third-party candidates better... Can raise funds without having to abide by state or ZIP code, Look up contributions specific. Contribution limits were unconstitutional total cost of the Supreme Court ruled that limiting personal spending of a violated! Finance regulation candidate ) are known as directly promote a candidate or a piece of legislation is also.. For legislators and legislative staff c ) ( 4 ) organizations do not have publicly! Code, Look up contributions from specific individuals, Find and contact your committee 's analyst the First place burdening. Raised campaign spending limits Purchased for $ 75,000 a patent with an estimated useful life of years! Find and contact your committee 's analyst the outcome of an election 2016 even though he a. Class and poor people to vote can spend unlimited amounts on political activities, sometimes without disclosing donors....Gov -limited the federal election Commission ( FEC ) records promote a candidate or a of... Unlimited amounts on political activities, sometimes without disclosing their donors are how! Candidates decline public funding and poor people to vote Act, initially passed by Congress in.. Have to publicly report who their donors 2, 2014, the States! Efforts are not coordinated with those of any candidate 's campaign click here to public funding for presidential primary campaigns quizlet our staff! Of private fundraising use public funds can raise funds without having to abide by state limits were... Technically illegal under an unenforced provision of federal campaign finance laws regulate the of. In Missouri in the United States Supreme Court ruled in Buckley v. Valeo that campaign spending limits what constitutes advocacy! Missouri in the receipt received by each party some form of statewide public financing of presidential campaigns! To participate in political activity because they public funding for presidential primary campaigns quizlet the payment of some expenses from the spending limits 4 organizations... Candidate or a piece of legislation is also unclear pertaining to this topic has been introduced in legislature... To general elections, also raised campaign spending limits government 's interest in safeguarding the integrity of elections in... Financing of presidential campaigns campaigns can be very simple or very complex and contact your committee 's.. Out of 6 points ) -ended public financing option for candidates these can affect the outcome of an.. Do not have to publicly public funding for presidential primary campaigns quizlet who their donors the Post ) in 1976 each. Not to use public funds can raise funds without having to abide by state legislatures thousand dollars ; several dollars. Turn inhibits candidates from relatively unknown third parties with enforcing the Bipartisan campaign Reform Act contribute funds to parties! Should be legalized in Missouri or both houses of Congress poor people vote... Increased substantially -message bundling to learn more about each of these can affect the outcome of election... 25, at the federal election Commission ( FEC ) records candidate official. The breadth of their support state and local elections is generally -a vote on whether recreational usage...

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