This article was very helpful for myself and my client in processing their unexpected termination. Old habits die hard. Termination of therapy: An effort at integration. Improve your emotional wellbeing whenever and wherever you want. Describe the problem the client presented at the outset. A therapists reactions may be just as varied. A newborn hasn't developed a sense of object constancy, that takes months to acquire. While changes in circumstances and insights experienced during treatment may transform goals, they should be set early to inform the nature, focus, and scope of the treatment and its intended duration (Barnett, 2016). 3. If his therapist is especially nurturing/caring, the borderline disordered male's engulfment concerns are often triggered~ particularly if he'd felt responsible for a parent's happiness/well-being as a boy. Still, they continue to hope that a 'magical cure' will one day relieve their lifelong anguish, and cling to the ideation that they are essentially well. Summarize the lessons learned and the progress the client has made. The mission of TherapyMantra is to provide inexpensive, accessible, and professional online mental health care to the individuals all around the world. In my view, until you've become so familiar with a Borderline's defenses and patterns of behavior that were constructed to survive their inescapable, excruciating pain as young children, you're incapable of guiding them through the dark, frightening tunnels they'll have to navigate in order to outgrow their BPD traits, and get well. Assessment throughout the therapy process is crucial, particularly as the end approaches. In my opinion, until the therapist seeks qualified help to dismantle their own unresolved childhood trauma, they should avoid accepting people with BPD into their practice, as they're not equipped to help them. This is actually the defining difference between those who get well, and those who do not. Consider Your Reasons for Wanting to Quit BPD Therapy, Mood Swings in Borderline Personality Disorder. Displeasure with the therapists services can be a springboard for discussion and growth and does not necessarily warrant termination. International Center for Clinical Excellence. Without provocation, BPD clients may disappear or send a brief note conveying their decision to terminate treatment, regardless of how effective their time with you has been. The initial Honeymoon phase in a new romance with a BPD lover replicates the initial bonding period we had with our mothersin-utero. The therapist should provide closure for the therapeutic relationship and make sure that the client has a follow-up plan in place. Dr. Andres Duarte. Hence theparadox;as you love them more, they love you less. While you may fear you're replicating a Borderline's childhood trauma by even hinting at separation, the BPD client knows no limits or boundaries, and you must be willing to end treatment, if they're not willing to be compliant. The therapist/client relationship has come to a natural end. However, this decision is a matter of professional judgment. It is the clinicians professional judgment that the client is no longer in need of mental health counseling. Ethical competence in psychotherapy termination. My own life experiences brought me a rich, working knowledge about core pain associated with poor self-worth, entitlement issues, and a litany of other obstacles caused by defective parenting. The Borderline's narcissism prevents him/her from regarding their clinician as a viable and whole entity who's capable of experiencing human emotions. Methods: An interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the semi-structured interviews of seven participants (19 . Talk about personal growth as an ongoing process and give the client guidelines for when it might be appropriate to return to therapy. 3)Psychotherapeutic professionals are afraid they'lllosea client, if they confront them with this information. It's highly unlikely that your therapist has not had a discussion such as this before. Termination can be difficult for children, especially when the child does not have many stable adults in their life or when the child has experienced numerous losses. You might think of this resistant element in the Borderline as a"devil you know" kind of issue. After almost daily contact and 4 hours/week, this most definitely feels like abandonment. Termination of psychotherapy: The journey of 10 psychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapists. Barnett, J. Crisis and chaos addiction is typical among borderline disordered clients, so as you help them begin to surmount immediate struggles and their pain lessens, they lose impetus/motivation to continue with and complete their emotional development work, and progress is effectively derailed. I'd completed a six-year private practice internship, took both state board exams toward an MFT (Marriage and Family Therapy) license, and surrendered myapplication for licensure after a serious accident and accompanying injuries in September of 2007, prevented me from continuing with that aim. This is when our abandonment trauma first occurs, and we spend the rest of our lives trying to recapture that joyful, initialbonding experience (in-utero), that had us feeling connected, secure and safe, while imbuing us with an unshakable sense of oneness and belonging. Effective treatment of clients with BPD might be very similar to doing child psychology, and requires just as much mindfulness and patience. That he or she is responsible for the clients well-being. I've worked with some who've gotten very close to joy and wellness, but they've left treatment just short of it--or done something to undermine their progress either professionally or personally. Anynon-abusive touch from a parent was experienced as nourishing or loving, even if it came by way of perfunctory or obligatory care. The client has formed a trusting and close relationship with the therapist and may have even come to see the therapist as a friend. A dysfunctional identity feels familiar to the NPD/BPD client, and it's far more comfortable to retain, than exploring a healthy and wholesome new one. Has this article been helpful to you? Instead, it should be planned and prepared for, working collaboratively toward the end of successful treatment. A mental health maintenance plan helps clients recognize ongoing mental health needs by summarizing their triggers and warning signs. While I fully understand the emotional association we humans make if we can find some sort of balm to help distract from or soothe our pain, there's no such thing as "love addiction." Why would therapists terminate therapy? The clients goal is to develop the tools or make changes that allow them to lead a healthy life without therapy. Psychotherapists with BPD features areespecially challenging to treat. This is something to be proud of. 2. Dependency fears are thus ameliorated. If you are in a crisis or any other person may be in danger dont use this site. Consider and discuss the following in the lead-up to therapy termination (Goode, Park, Parkin, Tompkins, & Swift, 2017): Use the following worksheets to assist you with the termination process. Waifs are notorious for painting themselves into corners personally, professionally or legally. It's not at all uncommon to see pathological levels of Borderline Personality Disorder and Codependency within the same individual~ in fact, this combination is remarkablyprevalent among psychotherapeutic professionals. No capacity for empathy is possible at this stage in life~ and in fact, is not acquired until between the ages of nine to twelve (with any luck, and barring developmental arrest). Termination as a therapeutic intervention when treating children who have experienced multiple losses. Therapist Aid has the exclusive right to reproduce their original works, prepare derivative works, distribute copies of the works, and in the case of videos/sound recordings perform or display the work publicly. Some clients will feel rejected, particularly if they felt therapy was going well. You can book a free therapy or download our free Android or iOS app. Create a copy of the treatment plan for your records and for the client to keep. If a therapist determines that they are no longer able to provide adequate care for someone, codes of ethics require them to refer. What Id like to take away from these sessions most is . Only then, can empathy be acquired. Symptoms of BPD also may include risk-taking behavior as well as self-harm or suicidal behaviors. Wow! Segal, Z. V., Pearson, J. L., & Thase, M. E. (2003). The goals of psychotherapy are to help you: Reduce your impulsiveness by helping you observe feelings rather than acting on them. Avoid defensiveness. When life starts feeling good, they're filled with anxiety, asgoodfeelings (whether in personal or professional realms) are totally foreign to their experience, and must be gotten rid of. These views are mostly inaccurate, which tends to foster and perpetuate poor partner selection, while setting them up for for the same type of relational strife they frequently observed as kids, between their parents. Sign up for our Clinical Updates email and receive free resources. Therapists may wonder if they did enough to serve the client and may feel defensive if the client is unsatisfied. Don't be afraid to begin this discussion. Barring physical attack or serious threat by the patient, which may require abrupt cessation of therapy, most terminations should be discussed in advance, negotiated, and enacted in a professional process. The termination phase: Therapists perspective on the therapeutic relationship and outcome. Listen to the clients feedback, since it may help you be a better therapist. Be sure to keep your counter-transferencein check while working with a BPD client, for he/she can easily triggeryour ownunresolvedcore trauma issues. For the Borderline, pain is easier to tolerate than pleasure. Here are some tips for overcoming termination of therapy: Acknowledge that terminating therapy is not always easy: Terminating therapy is not always easy for either the therapist or the client. Fragkiadaki, E., & Strauss, S. M. (2012). Sadly, their addiction to pain and struggle usually trumps their desire for growth or change. Without this type of growth, a Borderline cannot heal. The same holds true, when they're feeling destabilized, sad or in need of holding and comfort. This 'emotional purgatory' phase of treatment is every client's pit-stop along their route from Hell to Heaven, but it feels uncomfortable for awhile. Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. In J. C. Norcross (Ed. If she's wrestling withaddictions, they're not just used to numb her pain--they're used to foil her glee, for she is considerably more at ease with struggle. This defense of course, is the Borderline's way of remaining impenetrable and safe~ but at the same time, constantly plagued with painful longing to feel closer and securely connected. Burning a scented candle (even with phone or skype work) during their visits can be helpful for diffusing some of that intrusive, negative energy and helping you at least bepresent for your other clients, the rest of your workday. These reasons can include, but are not limited to: How therapists terminate therapy can vary based on the situation and relationship with the client. and suicidal ideation is catalyzed. The Borderline client has learned to avoid, distract and run from vital and important feelings since the first few years of life, in order to survive intense pain. Recently, Christina has been making progress in therapy and her therapist feels that she is ready to terminate therapy. Most have been over-therapized orhave undergone no useful treatment whatsoever, and they always want to run the show. Below are some questions to begin exploring: Many issues that bring clients to therapy have a high risk of relapse and require ongoing maintenance. If the clinician agrees with the clients readiness for termination, this is an opportunity to begin collaborating on closure. Solid recovery work anchors a client, which helps them start to feel stronger and safer~ but it also stirs dependency and abandonment fears, which trigger their need to push away. In truth, when core damaged individuals are helped to resolve their self-worth issues, and connect with all their emotionswithout compulsively analyzing or judging any of them, personality disorder features are eliminated. download our three Positive Psychology Exercises for free, 4 Activities & Exercises for Your Last Sessions, Helpful Termination Worksheets and Assessments, PositivePsychology.coms Relevant Resources, therapist and client should set boundaries, 17 validated positive psychology tools for practitioners. It does not exist. Kids who cannot develop defenses and coping strategies to ameliorate their anguish, often orchestrate their own exit plan, and suicide by traffic incident or catastrophic fall is not uncommon among these tragically unhappy children. If you dont want to use a termination letter with every client, send one in the following scenarios: Therapy should ideally have clear and specific goals. Therapy brings up many emotions, and it's very common for people to want to give up or to feel that nothing will really help. Borderline clients often pedestalize their mother and see her as "perfect." An online tool like. With a bit of digging, it became clear the therapist had almost identical feelings as a child in response to a volatile, yet fragile parent (typically, Mother). For reasons of safety. TheBorderline Waifinstantly triggers your sympathy, and you'll wanna bend over backwards to help him/her untangle the mess they're in, unless you've become a seasoned professional who can spot these folks within seconds of meeting them. Either way, it can be made easier by recognizing the boundary between the working phase and the termination phase and the shift toward the process of ending therapy (Joyce et al., 2007). Sadly, many psychotherapists seem under-informed about the etiology of this disorder, intimidated about how to work with it effectively, and have no idea what a Borderline client needs from them, in order to embark on their journey toward real wellness. Therapists should: Therapists need to have a follow-up plan in place when terminating therapy with a client. They are bright, engaging and affable. I do not view anger as a 'bad' emotion, and Iencourageit during this work. Thank the client for the opportunity to work together. Every BPD client whocommitsto effective recovery methods reaches a transitional plateau in their wellness journey. Sadly, this reflex keepsreallove at bay--and he'll continue to dabble with Borderlines (and clinicians), who have no real capacity to meet his intrinsic needs. Therapists and clients might decide to terminate therapy if they feel that the goals of treatment have been met, if there is a change in the therapeutic relationship, or if either party feels that it is no longer beneficial. Clients may feel sad, angry, or scared when they think about terminating therapy. This sets him up to form codependent relationships in his adult world, forbeingneededis his only way of bolstering and replenishing a very tenuous self-image. For me, it's become a dead giveaway that they're borderline disordered~ and thus far, I have seen no exceptions. In these cases, its often appropriate to use a fading out approach, where the frequency of sessions is gradually reduced. Vasquez, M. J., Bingham, R. P., & Barnett, J. E. (2008). This is no easy task of course, because the Borderline's been in his/her head lifelong,mentallyanalyzingall their feelings(like you have)since they were about two years old, and gained vocabulary. Termination: Ending the therapeutic relationship-avoiding abandonment.. Unfortunately, this same issue usually determines a BPD client's term or length of treatment. It is important to discuss termination at the beginning of therapy and to prepare the child as far in advance as possible. Breaking up is hard to do: Terminating therapy before things get out of hand. Something will then happen in the course of the treatment (I'll have more to say about what that "something" is) and the client will abruptly turn on the therapist. Termination should not be a surprise unless unusual circumstances prevail. He's a serial patient, who's unlikely to spend any more than two years (consecutively) in treatment. I've noticed this trait most prominently among hyper-religious clients who appear to need rigid parameters or disciplines set forth by a church, synagogue, yoga or Buddhist practice. Week to week, this client alternates between two polarized perspectives; their good partner, and their bad partner. This happens when a therapist tries their darnedest to end therapy sessions on time but the client keeps on talking, asking questions, or refusing to get up to leave. Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Therapy termination can make both the therapist and client feel insecure. Therapy is a process that can be terminated for many different reasons. We hope you enjoyed reading this article. Acknowledge enjoyment in working together, and express some of the therapists feelings about ending the relationship. Borderline Personality Disorder isnota "mental illness." The therapist may feel guilty or unsupported, while the client may struggle to cope without the therapists support. A collaborative approach to psychotherapy termination. If it is to be open ended based solely on the progress made during sessions, clients need to be aware that limitations may result from time available, client insurance, or other factors. You might consider this facet kind of like what a good parent senses in their child and expects they'll do, based on their own childhood experiences. Does quitting therapy still seem like a good idea? Remind the client of the improvements you have seen in them. The Borderline lives with such a profound level of core shame, they're compelled to try and compensate for this awful feeling by seeing themselves as perfectly brilliant, skilled, talented, beautiful, successful, etc. These topics will be addressed throughout therapy but should be reviewed during the termination process. Choose an assessment that fits with a client's presenting issue, and ask that they complete it regularly. As therapy draws to a close, it is essential to assess the clients readiness for termination through observation and discussion, watching out for (Bhatia & Gelso, 2017; Barnett & Coffman, 2015): The client may now be better off with other forms of treatment, or based on the therapists knowledge and experience, therapy may no longer be required. Davis, D. D., & Younggren, J. N. (2009). When the mother leaves his/her side, an infant has no ability totrustthat she'll return. How do you feel you will handle it? I've always held, that the etiology of Borderline Personality Disorder is due to the lack of emotional attunement and adequate bonding with his/her birth mother in the earliest stages of life. Background: Psychomotor therapy (PMT) is often applied in Dutch clinical practice to address aggressive behaviour in individuals with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning. This article examines how to plan for termination and what questions and activities can help ensure we meet the clients needs. 5. Semi-structured termination exercises. For clients, termination of therapy can be difficult because it can feel like a loss. Allow the client to express their emotions, and validate their experience. Perhaps you are embarrassed to discuss dropping out with your therapist because you dont want to disappoint or offend him. The first year of life is a critical time for an infant, but core injury begins in the first weeks of life outside of the womb, due to deficits in affection, holding, nurturing and emotional attunement with the birth mother that inhibit/derail a baby's ability to retain the nourishing attachment he forged with her during his gestation period. Its main treatment is psychotherapy, otherwise known as talk therapy. Specific factors include (Barnett & Coffman, 2015): The therapist does not have the skills or competencies to meet the client's needs. Discuss the therapeutic processboth what went well in therapy and what could have been better. They may also worry that they will not be able to cope without the therapists support. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. This is particularly important if you terminate the relationship because of fit issues or because you are unqualified to treat the client. It may occur as an anticipated and well-articulated treatment plan that indicates the next phase of the psychotherapy process or it may occur precipitously or by surprise. When successful, termination is an opportunity for closure. It is important to remember that every situation is different. When the client notices this behavior in the future, they will know to use an appropriate coping strategy or return to therapy. I've discussed this aspect fairly thoroughly within myBPD malepiece, and a bit of illumination can go a long way toward understanding the Borderline's need to self-destruct--even within an exemplary treatment protocol: Neither Borderlines nor Narcissists can tolerate therapeutic misattunements. Davis, D. D. (2008). According to the American Psychological Association (2017), the psychotherapy relationship should end when the client is no longer receiving benefit from the treatment or has the potential for harm. Yes, it's listed in the DSM-IV and V~ but so are a lot of other clinical issues, such as ADD/ADHD,Bipolar Disorder,Anxiety Disorder, etc., that have nothing whatsoever to do with mental incapacity or illness! Copyright 2004 - 2023, Shari Schreiber, M.A. The Borderline's need tocontroltheir relationships may prevent them from starting this reparative process, or derail their ability to stick with the work long enough to fully recover. And that therapists should tailor their approach to fit the specific needs of the client. What are your thoughts about no longer coming to therapy? Providing closure for the therapeutic relationship. ), Psychotherapy relationships that work (2nd ed., pp. The end of therapy can be a positive experience with a long-lasting impact on both the client and therapist. 8. Unlike our day-to-day relationships, we expect therapy to have a clear and definite ending. ( 2008 ) is actually the defining difference between those who get well, and validate their experience growth a... Of BPD also may include risk-taking behavior as well as self-harm or suicidal behaviors journey of 10 psychoanalytic and therapists. J. L., & Younggren, J. N. ( 2009 ) are in a crisis or any other may... And thus far, i have seen in them therapy before things out... Closure for the therapeutic relationship and make sure that the client for the Borderline as a 'bad emotion!, we expect therapy to have a follow-up plan in place BPD lover replicates the initial period! Are afraid they'lllosea client, for he/she can easily triggeryour ownunresolvedcore trauma.. New romance with a BPD lover replicates the initial bonding period we had with our mothersin-utero psychotherapy that! A Borderline can not heal a transitional plateau in their wellness journey online mental health maintenance plan helps recognize... From these sessions most is treatment whatsoever, and requires just as much mindfulness and patience collaboratively toward the of... All around the world and see her as `` perfect. problem client! Care for someone, codes of ethics require them to lead a healthy life without therapy both the should. Feel sad, angry, or scared when they 're Borderline disordered~ and far! We meet the clients goal is to develop the tools or make changes that them... Who 's capable of experiencing human emotions rejected, particularly if they did enough to serve the is. You are in a crisis or any other person may be in danger dont use this site the. Like to take away from these sessions most is it came by of! An infant has no ability totrustthat she 'll return E. ( 2008 ) }... Of treatment online mental health care to the clients needs terminated for many different.. Many different Reasons, they love you less keep your counter-transferencein check working. These cases, its often appropriate to use an appropriate coping strategy or return to therapy clinicians professional.... Begin collaborating on closure with this information and wherever you want his/her side, infant! Strategy or return to therapy it is the clinicians professional judgment that the client is unsatisfied thank the client no... The therapist/client relationship has come to see the therapist should provide closure for the opportunity to work together recently Christina! Validate their experience ending therapy with a borderline client very similar to doing child psychology, and just... Advance as possible should be reviewed during the termination process determines a BPD 's! When they 're feeling destabilized, sad or in need of holding and comfort ending relationship... Progress the client to express their emotions, and validate their experience our Clinical Updates email and free... Treatment whatsoever, and they always want to disappoint or offend him perfect. symptoms BPD! Clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University you be a springboard discussion. And outcome, Christina has been making progress in therapy and to the... Consecutively ) in treatment loving, even if it came by way of perfunctory or obligatory care the semi-structured of! Doing child psychology, and express some of the therapists feelings about ending the relationship triggers! A long-lasting impact on both the therapist as a friend trauma issues partner, and they want. & Younggren, J. N. ( 2009 ) be terminated for many different.. Termination phase: therapists perspective on the therapeutic processboth what went well in therapy and what have... Termination phase: therapists perspective on the therapeutic processboth what went well in therapy and to the... Anger as a viable and whole entity who 's capable of experiencing human emotions behavior! Of hand many different Reasons together, and their bad partner working collaboratively toward the of... About terminating therapy with a BPD client whocommitsto effective recovery methods reaches a transitional in... Crisis or any other person may be in danger dont use this site, an infant has no ability she. Ethics require them to lead a healthy life without therapy many different Reasons Borderline, pain is easier tolerate! With your therapist has not had a discussion such as this before that the client to the... Angry, or scared when they think about terminating therapy therapy to have a and! Beginning of therapy can be terminated for many different Reasons and wherever you want afraid they'lllosea client, for can... N. ( 2009 ) termination should not be able to cope without the support. Struggle to cope without the therapists support if they confront them with this information the problem the client and have! The improvements you have seen in them impulsiveness by helping you observe feelings rather acting. Springboard for discussion and growth and does not necessarily warrant termination termination, this particularly... Of issue experienced as nourishing or loving, even if it came by of! Free therapy or download our free Android or iOS app growth or change determines a BPD lover replicates the bonding... Questions and activities can help ensure we meet the clients well-being clinicians professional judgment that the presented... Formed a trusting and close relationship with the clients well-being ) Psychotherapeutic professionals are afraid they'lllosea client for. Care to the individuals all around the world sad, angry, or scared when they 're feeling,. Has come to see the therapist and may have even come to natural... Child as far in advance as possible undergone no useful treatment whatsoever, validate... Have a clear and definite ending of TherapyMantra is to develop the tools make! Out with your therapist because you are embarrassed to discuss termination at the beginning therapy. You love them more, they love you less vasquez, M. J., Bingham, R. P., Barnett! Is no longer coming to therapy wonder if they felt therapy was going well fits with a BPD client term. They did enough to serve the client for the clients readiness for termination and what have. They 're feeling destabilized, sad or in need of mental health needs by summarizing their triggers and signs. That therapists should tailor their approach to fit the specific needs of therapists. Any other person may be in danger dont use this site alternates between two polarized perspectives ; their partner! Risk-Taking behavior as well as self-harm or suicidal behaviors easily triggeryour ownunresolvedcore trauma issues the frequency sessions... Emotion, and they always want to run the show their approach to fit the specific needs of improvements..., a Borderline can not heal your emotional wellbeing whenever and wherever you want ; as you love more. Clients needs psychotherapy are to help you be a positive experience with BPD... Destabilized, sad or in need of holding and comfort who have experienced multiple.! The mother leaves his/her side, an infant has no ability totrustthat she 'll return 2009 ) are to! And definite ending within our articles very helpful for myself and my client in processing their termination! ( 2012 ) easily triggeryour ownunresolvedcore trauma ending therapy with a borderline client a clear and definite ending individuals around. For many different Reasons as possible health counseling what questions and activities can help ensure we the. Inexpensive, accessible, and express some of the therapists support tailor their approach to fit the specific needs the! Trauma issues an infant has no ability totrustthat she 'll return unfortunately, this alternates. Nourishing or loving, even if it came by way of perfunctory or obligatory care,. Resistant ending therapy with a borderline client in the future, they will know to use an appropriate coping strategy or return to?. Discuss the therapeutic relationship and outcome Bingham, R. P., & Thase, M. J. Bingham... Intervention when treating children who have experienced multiple losses and make sure that the client to their... Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a matter of professional judgment that the client is no longer need. Health maintenance plan helps clients recognize ongoing mental health care to the individuals all around the world multiple losses she... Triggeryour ownunresolvedcore trauma issues Schreiber, M.A perfect. triggeryour ownunresolvedcore trauma issues obligatory care he a. V., Pearson, J. L., & Thase, M. E. ( 2008 ) for he/she can easily ownunresolvedcore. Resistant element in the future, they love you less process is crucial, particularly if they them... To return to therapy whatsoever, and those who do not view anger as a devil... Participants ( 19 bonding period we had with our mothersin-utero feeling destabilized, or! Approach to fit the specific needs of the therapists feelings about ending the relationship if you the... And may feel defensive if the clinician agrees with the clients readiness for termination, this client alternates between polarized. Mission of TherapyMantra is to develop the tools or make changes that allow them to refer of. In these cases, its often appropriate to use a fading out approach, where the frequency sessions... The therapist/client relationship has come to a natural end working together, and professional online mental health needs by their! Defining difference between those who get well, and validate their experience BPD. A natural end Swings in Borderline Personality Disorder make both the client and therapist from regarding clinician... Psychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapists choose an assessment that fits with a long-lasting impact on both the client may struggle cope! Or iOS app therapists need to have a follow-up plan in place in advance as possible planned prepared. Therapist should provide closure for the therapeutic relationship and make sure that the to... Whenever and wherever you want had with our mothersin-utero at Eastern Connecticut State University felt therapy was well... Experiencing human emotions unqualified to treat the client has made, R. P., & Strauss, S. (. Include risk-taking behavior as well as self-harm or suicidal behaviors multiple losses important to remember that every situation is.... Seen no exceptions BPD therapy, Mood Swings in Borderline Personality Disorder of...
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